Aczone Gel

Patient Information

ACZONE
(AK-zon)
(dapsone) Gel, 7.5%

Important: For use on skin only (topical use). Do not use ACZONE Gel, 7.5% in your mouth, eyes, or vagina.

What is ACZONE Gel, 7.5%?

ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, is a prescription medicine used on the skin (topical) to treat acne in people 12 years and older.

ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, has not been studied in children under 12 years of age.

Before you use ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, including if you:

• have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
• have higher than normal levels of methemoglobin in your blood (methemoglobinemia)
• are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if ACZONE Gel, 7.5% will harm your unborn baby.
• are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. ACZONE Gel, 7.5% can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. You and your doctor should decide if you will use ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, or breastfeed. You should not do both.

Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Especially, tell your doctor if you are using acne medicines that contain benzoyl peroxide. Use of benzoyl peroxide with it, 7.5% at the same time may cause your skin or facial hair to temporarily turn yellow or orange at the site of application.

How do I use ACZONE Gel, 7.5%?

• Use it, 7.5% exactly as your doctor tells you to use it.
• Apply it, 7.5% one time a day.
• Gently wash and pat dry the areas of your skin where you will apply it, 7.5%.
• Apply a pea-sized amount of it, 7.5% in a thin layer to the entire face. A thin layer may also be applied to other affected areas as instructed by your doctor.
• Rub it, 7.5% in gently and completely.
• Wash your hands after applying, 7.5%.
• If your acne does not get better after using this, 7.5% for 12 weeks, talk to your doctor about continuing treatment.

What are the possible side effects of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%?

it, 7.5% may cause serious side effects, including:

• Decrease of oxygen in your blood caused by a certain type of abnormal red blood cell (methemoglobinemia). Stop using it, 7.5% and get medical help right away if your lips, nail beds, or the inside of your mouth turns grey or blue.
• Breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia). Some people with G6PD deficiency using it, 7.5% may develop mild hemolytic anemia. Stop using it, 7.5% and tell your doctor right away if you get any of the following signs and symptoms:
  • back pain
  • dark brown urine
  • shortness of breath
  • fever
  • tiredness or weakness
  • yellow or pale skin

The most common side effects of it, 7.5% include dryness and itching of the skin being treated.

These are not all of the possible side effects of ACZONE, 7.5%. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How should I store ACZONE, 7.5%?

• Store it, 7.5%, at room temperature 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
• Protect it, 7.5% from freezing.

Keep it, 7.5% and all medicines out of the reach of children.

General information about the safe and effective use of it, 7.5%.

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use it, 7.5% for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give it, 7.5% to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them. You can ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about it, 7.5% that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in ACZONE Gel, 7.5%?

Active ingredient: dapsone

Inactive ingredients: diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methylparaben, acrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, isohexadecane, polysorbate 80, and purified water.

This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Description

Aczone Gel, 7.5%, contains dapsone, a sulfone, in an aqueous gel base for topical dermatologic use. ACZONE Gel, 7.5% is an off-white to yellow gel with suspended particles. Chemically, dapsone has an empirical formula of C₁₂H₁₂N₂O₂S. It is a white or slightly yellow-white, crystalline powder that has a molecular weight of 248.30. Dapsone’s chemical name is 4-[(4-aminobenzene) sulfonyl] aniline and its structural formula is:

Each gram of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, contains 75 mg of dapsone, USP, in a gel of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methylparaben, acrylamide/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer, isohexadecane, polysorbate 80, and purified water.

ACZONE (dapsone) Gel, 7.5%, is indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in patients 12 years of age and older.

Dosage And Administration

For topical use only. Not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.

After the skin is gently washed and patted dry, apply approximately a pea-sized amount of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, in a thin layer to the entire face once daily. In addition, a thin layer may be applied to other affected areas once daily. Rub in ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, gently and completely.

If there is no improvement after 12 weeks, treatment with ACZONE Gel, 7.5% should be reassessed (2).

How Supplied

Dosage Forms And Strengths

Gel, 7.5%. Each gram of ACZONE Gel, 7.5% contains 75 mg of dapsone in an off-white to yellow gel with suspended particles.

Storage And Handling

ACZONE Gel is an off-white to yellow gel with suspended particles. It is supplied in an airless pump containing a polypropylene bottle with a high density polyethylene piston.

ACZONE (dapsone) Gel, 7.5%, is supplied in the following sizes:

NDC 0023-5206-30 – 30 gram pump
NDC 0023-5206-60 – 60 gram pump
NDC 0023-5206-90 – 90 gram pump

Storage

Store at 20°C-25°C (68°F-77°F), excursions permitted to 15°C-30°C (59°F-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from freezing.

Clinical Studies Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

A total of 2161 subjects were treated with ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, for 12 weeks in 2 controlled clinical trials. The population ranged in age from 12 to 63 years, was 56% female, and 58% Caucasian. Adverse drug reactions that were reported in at least 0.9% of subjects treated with ACZONE Gel, 7.5% appear in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Adverse Reactions Occurring in at Least 0.9% of Subjects with Acne Vulgaris in 12-week Controlled Clinical Trials

Experience With Oral Use Of Dapsone

Although not observed in the clinical trials with topical dapsone, serious adverse reactions have been reported with oral use of dapsone, including agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, peripheral neuropathy (motor loss and muscle weakness), and skin reactions (toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, morbilliform and scarlatiniform reactions, bullous and exfoliative dermatitis, erythema nodosum, and urticaria).

Postmarketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of topical dapsone: methemoglobinemia, rash (including erythematous rash, application site rash) and swelling of face (including lip swelling, eye swelling).

No formal drug-drug interaction studies were conducted with ACZONE Gel, 7.5%.

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

A drug-drug interaction study evaluated the effect of the use of dapsone gel, 5% in combination with double strength (160 mg/800 mg) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). During co-administration, systemic levels of TMP and SMX were essentially unchanged, however, levels of dapsone and its metabolites increased in the presence of TMP/SMX. The systemic exposure from ACZONE Gel, 7.5% is expected to be about 1% of that from the 100 mg oral dose, even when co-administered with TMP/SMX.

Topical Benzoyl Peroxide

Topical application of dapsone gel followed by benzoyl peroxide in patients with acne vulgaris may result in a temporary local yellow or orange discoloration of the skin and facial hair.

Drug Interactions With Oral Dapsone

Certain concomitant medications (such as rifampin, anticonvulsants, St. John’s wort) may increase the formation of dapsone hydroxylamine, a metabolite of dapsone associated with hemolysis. With oral dapsone treatment, folic acid antagonists such as pyrimethamine have been noted to possibly increase the likelihood of hematologic reactions.

Concomitant Use With Drugs That Induce Methemoglobinemia

Concomitant use of ACZONE Gel, 7.5% with drugs that induce methemoglobinemia such as sulfonamides, acetaminophen, acetanilide, aniline dyes, benzocaine, chloroquine, dapsone, naphthalene, nitrates and nitrites, nitrofurantoin, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, pamaquine, para-aminosalicylic acid, phenacetin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primaquine, and quinine may increase the risk for developing methemoglobinemia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Included as part of the “PRECAUTIONS” Section

Precautions

Hematological Effects

Methemoglobinemia

Cases of methemoglobinemia, with resultant hospitalization, have been reported postmarketing in association with twice daily dapsone gel, 5%, treatment. Patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia are more susceptible to drug-induced methemoglobinemia. Avoid use of ACZONE Gel, 7.5% in those patients with congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia.

Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia may be delayed some hours after exposure. Initial signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia are characterized by a slate grey cyanosis seen in e.g., buccal mucous membranes, lips, and nail beds. Advise patients to discontinue ACZONE Gel, 7.5% and seek immediate medical attention in the event of cyanosis.

Dapsone can cause elevated methemoglobin levels particularly in conjunction with methemoglobin-inducing agents [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].

Hemolysis

Oral dapsone treatment has produced dose-related hemolysis and hemolytic anemia. Individuals with glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are more prone to hemolysis with the use of certain drugs. G6PD deficiency is most prevalent in populations of African, South Asian, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean ancestry.

In clinical trials, there was no evidence of clinically relevant hemolysis or hemolytic anemia in subjects treated with topical dapsone. Some subjects with G6PD deficiency using dapsone gel, 5 %, twice daily developed laboratory changes suggestive of hemolysis [see Use In Specific Populations].

Discontinue ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, if signs and symptoms suggestive of hemolytic anemia occur. Avoid use of ACZONE Gel, 7.5% in patients who are taking oral dapsone or antimalarial medications because of the potential for hemolytic reactions. Combination of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) may increase the likelihood of hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].

Peripheral Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy (motor loss and muscle weakness) has been reported with oral dapsone treatment. No events of peripheral neuropathy were observed in clinical trials with topical dapsone treatment.

Skin Reactions

Skin reactions (toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, morbilliform and scarlatiniform reactions, bullous and exfoliative dermatitis, erythema nodosum, and urticaria) have been reported with oral dapsone treatment. These types of skin reactions were not observed in clinical trials with topical dapsone treatment.

Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION).

Hematological Effects

• Inform patients that methemoglobinemia can occur with topical dapsone treatment. Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention if they develop cyanosis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
• Inform patients who have G6PD deficiency that hemolytic anemia may occur with topical dapsone treatment. Advise patients to seek medical attention if they develop signs and symptoms suggestive of hemolytic anemia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Important Administration Instructions

• Advise patients to apply ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, once daily to the entire face [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].
• ACZONE Gel, 7.5% is for topical use only.
• Do not apply ACZONE Gel, 7.5% to eyes, mouth, or mucous membranes.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Dapsone was not carcinogenic to rats when orally administered to females for 92 weeks or males for 100 weeks at dose levels up to 15 mg/kg/day (approximately 340 times the systemic exposure observed in humans as a result of use of the MRHD of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, based on AUC comparisons).

No evidence of potential to induce carcinogenicity was observed in a dermal study in which dapsone gel was topically applied to Tg.AC transgenic mice for approximately 26 weeks. Dapsone concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 10% were evaluated; 3% material was judged to be the maximum tolerated dosage.

Dapsone was negative in a bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), and was negative in a micronucleus assay conducted in mice. Dapsone was positive (clastogenic) in a chromosome aberration assay conducted with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.

The effects of dapsone on fertility and general reproductive performance were assessed in male and female rats following oral dosing. Dapsone reduced sperm motility at dosages of 3 mg/kg/day or greater (approximately 22 times the systemic exposure that is associated with the MRHD of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, based on AUC comparisons) when administered daily beginning 63 days prior to mating and continuing through the mating period. The mean numbers of embryo implantations and viable embryos were significantly reduced in untreated females mated with males that had been dosed at 12 mg/kg/day or greater (approximately 187 times the systemic exposure that is associated with the MRHD of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, based on AUC comparisons), presumably due to reduced numbers or effectiveness of sperm, indicating impairment of fertility. When administered to female rats at a dosage of 75 mg/kg/day (approximately 1407 times the systemic exposure that is associated with the MRHD of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, based on AUC comparisons) for 15 days prior to mating and for 17 days thereafter, dapsone reduced the mean number of implantations, increased the mean early resorption rate, and reduced the mean litter size. These effects probably were secondary to maternal toxicity.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

There are no available data on ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk for adverse developmental outcomes. In animal reproduction studies, oral doses of dapsone administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis that resulted in systemic exposures more than 400 times the systemic exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, resulted in embryocidal effects. When orally administered to rats from the onset of organogenesis through the end of lactation at systemic exposures approximately 500 times the exposure at the MRHD, dapsone resulted in increased stillbirths and decreased pup weight [see Data].

The estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population are unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

Dapsone has been shown to have an embryocidal effect in rats and rabbits when administered orally daily to females during organogenesis at dosages of 75 mg/kg/day and 150 mg/kg/day, respectively. These dosages resulted in systemic exposures that represented approximately 1407 times [rats] and 425 times [rabbits] the systemic exposure observed in human females as a result of use of the MRHD of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, based on AUC comparisons. These effects were probably secondary to maternal toxicity.

Dapsone was assessed for effects on perinatal/postnatal pup development and postnatal maternal behavior and function in a study in which dapsone was orally administered to female rats daily beginning on the seventh day of gestation and continuing until the twenty-seventh day postpartum. Maternal toxicity (decreased body weight and food consumption) and developmental effects (increase in stillborn pups and decreased pup weight) were seen at a dapsone dose of 30 mg/kg/day (approximately 563 times the systemic exposure that is associated with the MRHD of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, based on AUC comparisons). No effects were observed on the viability, physical development, behavior, learning ability, or reproductive function of surviving pups.

Lactation

Risk Summary

There is no information regarding the presence of topical dapsone in breastmilk, the effects on the breastfed infant or the effects on milk production. Orally administered dapsone appears in human milk and could result in hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia especially in infants with G6PD deficiency. Systemic absorption of dapsone following topical application is minimal relative to oral dapsone administration; however, it is known that dapsone is present in human milk following administration of oral dapsone.

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy was evaluated in 1066 subjects aged 12-17 years old treated with ACZONE Gel, 7.5% in the clinical trials. The safety profile for ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, was similar to the vehicle control group. Safety and effectiveness of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, have not been established in pediatric patients below the age of 12 years.

Geriatric Use

Clinical trials of ACZONE Gel, 7.5% did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency

Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may be more prone to methemoglobinemia and hemolysis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

ACZONE Gel, 5% and vehicle were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design clinical study of 64 subjects with G6PD deficiency and acne vulgaris. Subjects were Black (88%), Asian (6%), Hispanic (2%) or of other racial origin (5%). Blood samples were taken at Baseline, Week 2, and Week 12 during both vehicle and ACZONE Gel, 5% treatment periods. Some of these subjects developed laboratory changes suggestive of hemolysis, but there was no evidence of clinically significant hemolytic anemia in this study [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

No Information Provided

Contraindications

None.

Mechanism Of Action

The mechanism of action of dapsone gel in treating acne vulgaris is not known.

Pharmacokinetics

In a pharmacokinetic study, male and female subjects 16 years of age or older with acne vulgaris (N=19) received 2 grams of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, topically to the face, upper chest, upper back and shoulders once daily for 28 days. Steady state for dapsone was reached within 7 days of dosing. On Day 28, the mean dapsone maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours post dose (AUC0-24h) were 13.0 ± 6.8 ng/mL and 282 ± 146 ng·h/mL, respectively. The systemic exposure from ACZONE Gel, 7.5% is expected to be about 1% of that from a 100 mg oral dose.

Long-term safety studies were not conducted with ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, however, in a long-term clinical study of dapsone gel, 5% treatment (twice daily), periodic blood samples were collected up to 12 months to determine systemic exposure of dapsone and its metabolites in approximately 500 subjects. Based on the measurable dapsone concentrations from 408 subjects (M=192, F=216), obtained at Month 3, neither gender nor race appeared to affect the pharmacokinetics of dapsone. Similarly, dapsone exposures were approximately the same between the age groups of 12-15 years (N=155) and those greater than or equal to 16 years (N=253). There was no evidence of increasing systemic exposure to dapsone over the study year in these subjects.

Microbiology

In Vivo Activity

No microbiology or immunology studies were conducted during ACZONE Gel, 7.5% clinical studies.

Drug Resistance

No dapsone resistance studies were conducted during dapsone gel clinical studies. Because no such studies were done, there are no data available as to whether dapsone treatment may have resulted in decreased susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes, an organism associated with acne, or to other antimicrobials that may be used to treat acne. Therapeutic resistance to dapsone has been reported for Mycobacterium leprae, when patients have been treated with oral dapsone.

Clinical Studies

The safety and efficacy of once daily use of ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, was assessed in two 12-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trials. Efficacy was assessed in a total of 4340 subjects 12 years of age and older. The majority of the subjects had moderate acne vulgaris, 20 to 50 inflammatory and 30 to 100 non-inflammatory lesions at baseline, who were randomized to receive either ACZONE Gel, 7.5% or vehicle.

Treatment response was defined at Week 12 as the proportion of subjects who were rated “none” or “minimal” with at least a two-grade improvement from baseline on the Global Acne Assessment Score (GAAS), and mean absolute change from baseline in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion counts. A GAAS score of “none” corresponded to no evidence of facial acne vulgaris. A GAAS score of “minimal” corresponded to a few non-inflammatory lesions (comedones) being present and to a few inflammatory lesions (papules/pustules) that may be present.

The GAAS success rate, mean reduction, and percent reduction in acne lesion counts from baseline after 12 weeks of treatment are presented in the following table.

Table 2. Clinical Efficacy of ACZONE^® Gel at Week 12 in Subjects with Acne Vulgaris