Gvoke

Patient Information

GVOKE®
(Gee-voke)
(glucagon) injection, for subcutaneous use

What is GVOKE?

GVOKE is a prescription medicine used to treat very low blood sugar (severe hypoglycemia) in people with diabetes aged 2 years and older. It is not known if GVOKE is safe and effective in children under 2 years of age.

Do not use GVOKE if you:

have a tumor in the gland on top of your kidneys (adrenal gland) called pheochromocytoma. have a tumor in your pancreas called insulinoma. are allergic to glucagon or any of the ingredients in GVOKE. See the end of this Patient Information leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in GVOKE.

Before using GVOKE, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:

• have adrenal gland problems.
• have a tumor in your pancreas.
• have not had food or water for a long time (prolonged fasting or starvation).
• have low blood sugar that does not go away (chronic hypoglycemia).
• are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
• are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if GVOKE passes into your breast milk. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you can use GVOKE while breastfeeding.

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. GVOKE may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how GVOKE works. Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.

How should I use GVOKE?

Read the detailed Instructions for Use that comes with GVOKE.

Use GVOKE exactly how your healthcare provider tells you to use it.

Make sure your relatives, close friends, and caregivers know where you store GVOKE and how to use it the right way before you need their help.

Act quickly. Having very low blood sugar for a period of time may be harmful.

Your healthcare provider will tell you how and when to use GVOKE.

After giving GVOKE, your caregiver should call for emergency medical help right away.

When you are able to safely swallow food or drink, your caregiver should give you a fast-acting source of sugar (such as a regular soft drink or fruit juice) and a long-acting source of sugar (such as crackers and cheese or a meat sandwich).

If you do not respond to treatment after 15 minutes, your caregiver may give you another dose, if available.

Tell your healthcare provider each time you use GVOKE. Low blood sugar may happen again after receiving an injection of GVOKE. Your diabetes medicine may need to be changed.

What are the possible side effects of GVOKE?

GVOKE may cause serious side effects, including:

High blood pressure. GVOKE can cause high blood pressure in certain people with tumors in their adrenal glands.

Low blood sugar. GVOKE can cause low blood sugar in people with certain tumors in their pancreas called insulinomas by making too much insulin in their bodies. Signs and symptoms of low blood sugar may include:

• sweating
• blurred vision
• abnormal behavior
• drowsiness
• hunger
• lightheadedness
• dizziness
• slurred speech
• unsteady movement
• sleep disturbances
• restlessness
• inability to concentrate
• irregular heartbeat
• depressed mood
• personality changes
• anxiety
• tingling in the hands, feet, lips, or tongue
• headache
• tremor
• irritability

Serious allergic reaction. Call your healthcare provider or get medical help right away if you have a serious allergic reaction including:

• rash difficulty breathing
• low blood pressure

The most common side effects of GVOKE in adults include:

• nausea swelling at the injection site
• vomiting headache

The most common side effects of GVOKE in children include:

• nausea high blood sugar abdominal pain pain or redness at the injection site low blood sugar vomitting headache itching

These are not all the possible side effects of GVOKE. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How should I store GVOKE?

Store GVOKE in the original sealed foil pouch until time of use.

Store at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20° C to 25°C).

Do not refrigerate or freeze.

Keep GVOKE and all medicines out of the reach of children.

General information about the safe and effective use of GVOKE.

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use GVOKE for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give GVOKE to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about GVOKE that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in GVOKE?

Active ingredient: glucagon.

Inactive ingredients: trehalose dihydrate NF, sulfuric acid NF, mannitol USP (kit only), and dimethyl sulfoxide.

This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Gvoke HypoPen™
(glucagon injection) Instructions for Use

Gvoke HypoPen™
(glucagon injection) Instructions for Use

• • Become familiar with the following instructions before an emergency happens.

• Do not use this auto-injector past the expiration date printed on the device. Replace GVOKE HypePen before the expiration date on the box.
• If you have questions regarding the use of this product, talk to a healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Make sure that relatives, close friends or caregivers know that if you become unconscious, they should call for emergency medical help right away. The GVOKE HypoPen may have been prescribed so that relatives, close friends and caregivers can give the injection if you become hypoglycemic (severe low blood sugar) and are unable to take sugar by mouth. If you are unconscious, the GVOKE HypoPen can be given while awaiting medical assistance.

Show your relatives, close friends or caregivers where you store the GVOKE HypoPen and how to use it. They need to know how to use the GVOKE HypoPen before an emergency situation happens.

Indications for Use

GVOKE HypoPen is for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes ages 2 years and above. Symptoms of severe hypoglycemia include, unconsciousness, and seizures or convulsions.

Give the GVOKE HypoPen if:

1. the patient is unconscious,
2. the patient is unable to eat sugar or a sugar-sweetened product,
3. the patient is having a seizure, or
4. you have tried to give the patient sugar or drinks that are high in sugar such as a regular soft drink (soda) or fruit juice and the patient does not get better.

Milder cases of hypoglycemia should be treated promptly by eating sugar or a sugar-sweetened product. (See Information on Hypoglycemia for more information on the symptoms of low blood sugar.) The GVOKE HypoPen will not work when taken by mouth (orally).

Understanding the GVOKE HypoPen

The adult GVOKE HypoPen contains a 1 mg dose of glucagon and is in a foil pouch. Below is a picture of the pouch. See the GVOKE HypoPen package for a full view of the Quick-Use Guide.

Adult GVOKE HypoPen (1 mg dose)

 

 

The pediatric GVOKE HypoPen contains a 0.5 mg dose of glucagon and is in a foil pouch. Below is a picture of the pouch. Below is a picture of the pouch. See the GVOKE HypoPen package for a full view of the Quick-Use guide.

Pediatric GVOKE HypoPen (0.5 mg dose)

 

 

 

 

Note: Each GVOKE HypoPen should be used one time and then thrown away (discarded).

Storage Information

• Store in sealed original foil pouch until time of use.
• Store at room temperature, 68° to 77°F (20° to 25°C).
• Do not refrigerate or freeze.

Information on Hypoglycemia

Early symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) include:

• sweating
• drowsiness
• dizziness
• sleep disturbances
• palpitation
• anxiety
• tremor
• blurred vision
• hunger
• slurred speech
• depressed mood
• tingling in the hands, feet, lips, or tongue
• irritability
• light-headedness
• abnormal behavior
• inability to concentrate
• unsteady movement
• headache
• personality changes

If not treated, the patient may progress to severe hypoglycemia which can include:

• confusion
• seizures
• unconsciousness
• death

The occurrence of early symptoms calls for quick and, if necessary, repeated administration of some form of carbohydrate. Patients should always carry a quick source of sugar, such as candy mints or glucose tablets. The prompt treatment of mild hypoglycemic symptoms can prevent severe hypoglycemic reactions. If the patient does not improve or if administration of carbohydrate is impossible, the GVOKE HypoPen should be given or the patient should be treated with intravenous glucose by a medical professional.

Possible Problems with GVOKE HypoPen Treatment

Common side effects in adults and pediatric patients are nausea and vomiting. The product may cause serious side effects including serious allergic reactions, fast heart beat and high blood pressure.

People may be allergic to glucagon or to one of the inactive ingredients in GVOKE HypoPen or may experience fast heart-beat for a short while.

If you experience any other reactions that may have been caused by the GVOKE HypoPen, please contact your healthcare provider.

Important:

• • Act quickly. Prolonged unconsciousness may be harmful.

• After the injection is complete, turn the unconscious patient on his or her side to prevent them from choking in case they throw up (vomit).
• Carefully read and follow these instructions. Have a healthcare provider show you the right way to use the GVOKE HypoPen.

Important Warnings

• Do not open pouch until time of use.
• Do not use after the expiration date has passed.
• Do not use if the red needle cap has been removed or is damaged.
• Do not remove the red cap until you are ready to inject.
• Do not put or press thumb, fingers, or hand over the yellow needle guard.
• Call a healthcare provider as soon as glucagon has been injected.
• If the patient does not awaken within 15 minutes, give another dose of GVOKE HypoPen and call for emergency medical help right away.
• Feed the patient as soon as he or she awakens and is able to swallow.

Read and become familiar with the following instructions before an emergency happens. If you have questions about using the GVOKE HypoPen, talk with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Remove GVOKE HypoPen from Pouch

• Tear open pouch at the dotted line and carefully remove the GVOKE HypoPen (see Figure 1).

Figure 1

 

Check the Expiration Date

• Check the expiration date printed on the label of the GVOKE HypoPen (see Figure 2).

Important:

Do not use the GVOKE HypoPen if the expiration date has passed. If the GVOKE HypoPen is expired, throw it away in an FDA cleared sharps container and use a new GVOKE HypoPen.

Figure 2

 

Inspect the Solution

• Look at the liquid medicine through the viewing window. It must be clear and colorless, or a pale yellow (see Figure 3).

Important:

Do not use GVOKE HypoPen or inject if the liquid contains lumps, flakes, or particles.

Do not inject if solution is not visible in the viewing window.

If you do not have another GVOKE HypoPen to use, call for emergency medical help right away.

Figure 3

 

Pull off Red Cap

• Pull the red needle cap straight off of the device (see Figure 4).

Important:

Do not put your thumb, fingers, or hand on or near the needle guard or needle opening to help prevent accidental needle sticks.

Figure 4

 

Choose Injection Site and Expose Bare Skin

• Choose the lower abdomen, outer thigh, or outer upper arm for your injection site (see Figure 5).
• Remove any clothing covering the injection site (see Figure 6). The injection must be performed straight into the skin.

Important:

• Do not inject through clothing.

Figure 5 and 6

 

Push and Hold to Start Injection

• Push and hold the GVOKE HypoPen straight Down against the injection site. Listen for a “Click”
• Continue to hold the device down and count slowly to 5 (see Figure 7).
• When the injection is complete, the viewing window will be red (see Figure 8).

Important:

Do not lift up the GVOKE HypoPen until the injection is complete.

Figure 7 And 8

 

Lift Away from Skin

• Lift the device straight up from the injection site (see Figure 9).
• The yellow needle guard will lock over the needle.

Figure 9

 

Turn Patient onto Side

• When an unconscious person wakes up, he or she may throw up (vomit).
• Turn the patient on their side to prevent choking (see Figure 10).

Figure 10

 

Make Sure Patient Receives Immediate Medical Attention After Use

• Call for emergeny medical help right after the GVOKE HypoPen has been injected.
• Even if the GVOKE HypoPen helps the patient to wake up, you should still call for emergency medical help right away.
• The patients’s healthcare provider should also be notified whenever a severe drop in blood sugar (hypoglycemic reactions) happens. Hypoglycemia may happen again after receiving an injection from the GVOKE HypoPen. The patient’s diabetes medication may need to be changed.
• Feed the patient as soon as he or she wakes up and is able to swallow. Give the patient a fast-acting source of sugar (such as a regular soft drink or fruit juice) and a long-acting source of sugar (such as crackers and cheese or a meat sandwich). If the patient does not wake up within 15 minutes, give another dose of glucagon and notify emergency medical services right away.

Re-Cap and Dispose of the GVOKE HypoPen in a FDA Cleared Sharps Disposal Container

If a puncture-resistant sharps container is not available, carefully re-cap and store the GVOKE HypoPen in a safe place until it can be disposed of into a FDA cleared sharps container (see Figure 11). Do not throw away (dispose of) loose needles and syringes in your household trash.

If you do not have a FDA cleared sharps disposal container, you may use a household container that is:

• • made of a heavy-duty plastic

• can be closed with a tight-fitting puncture-resistant lid, without sharps being able to come out
• upright and stable during use
• leak-resistant
• properly labeled to warn of hazardous waste inside the container.

When your sharps disposal container is almost full, you will need to follow your community guidelines for the right way to dispose of your sharps disposal container. There may be state or local laws about how you should throw away used needles and syringes. For more information about safe sharps disposal, and for specific information about sharps disposal in the state that you live in, go to the FDA’s website at: http://www.fda.gov/safesharpsdisposal.

Do not dispose of your used sharps disposal container in your household trash unless your community guidelines permit this.

Always keep the sharps container out of the reach of children.

If needed, make sure to get a refill of your GVOKE HypoPen.

Figure 11

 

Gvoke™ PFS
(glucagon injection) Instructions for Use

Gvoke™ PFS
(glucagon injection) Instructions for Use

• Become familiar with the following instructions before an emergency happens.
• Do not use this product past the expiration date printed on the device. Replace GVOKE PFS before the expiration date on the box.
• If you have questions regarding the use of this product, talk to a healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Make sure that relatives, close friends or caregivers know that if you become unconscious, they should call for emergency medical help right away. The GVOKE PFS may have been prescribed so that relatives, close friends and caregivers can give the injection if you become hypoglycemic (severe low blood sugar) and are unable to take sugar by mouth. If you are unconscious, the GVOKE PFS can be given while awaiting medical assistance.

Show your relatives, close friends or caregivers where you store the GVOKE PFS and how to use it. They need to know how to use the GVOKE PFS before an emergency situation happens.

Indications for Use

GVOKE PFS is for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes ages 2 years and above. Symptoms of severe hypoglycemia include unconsciousness, and seizures or convulsions.

Give the GVOKE PFS if:

1. the patient is unconscious,
2. the patient is unable to eat sugar or a sugar-sweetened product,
3. the patient is having a seizure, or
4. you have tried to give the patient sugar or drinks that are high in sugar such as a regular soft drink (soda) or fruit juice and the patient does not get better.

Milder cases of hypoglycemia should be treated promptly by eating sugar or a sugar-sweetened product. (See Information on Hypoglycemia for more information on the symptoms of low blood sugar.) The GVOKE PFS will not work when taken by mouth (orally).

Understanding the GVOKE PFS

The adult GVOKE PFS contains a 1 mg dose of glucagon and is in a foil pouch. Below is a picture of the pouch. See the GVOKE PFS package for a full view of the Quick-Use Guide.

Adult GVOKE PFS (1 mg dose)

 

 

The pediatric GVOKE PFS contains a 0.5 mg dose of glucagon and is in a foil pouch. Below is a picture of the pouch. See the GVOKE PFS package for a full view of the Quick-Use Guide.

Pediatric GVOKE PFS (0.5 mg dose)

 

 

 

 

Note: Each GVOKE PFS should be used one time and then thrown away (discarded).

Storage Information

• Store in sealed original foil pouch until time of use.
• Store at room temperature, 68° to 77°F (20° to 25°C).
• Do not refrigerate or freeze.

Information on Hypoglycemia

Early symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) include:

• sweating
• drowsiness
• dizziness
• sleep disturbances
• palpitation
• anxiety
• tremor
• blurred vision
• hunger
• slurred speech
• depressed mood
• tingling in the hands, feet, lips, or tongue
• irritability
• light-headedness
• abnormal behavior
• inability to concentrate
• unsteady movement
• headache
• personality changes

If not treated, the patient may progress to severe hypoglycemia which can include:

• confusion
• seizures
• unconsciousness
• death

The occurrence of early symptoms calls for quick and, if necessary, repeated administration of some form of carbohydrate. Patients should always carry a quick source of sugar, such as candy mints or glucose tablets. The prompt treatment of mild hypoglycemic symptoms can prevent severe hypoglycemic reactions. If the patient does not improve or if administration of carbohydrate is impossible, the GVOKE PFS should be given or the patient should be treated with intravenous glucose by a medical professional.

Possible Problems with GVOKE PFS Treatment

Common side effects in adults and pediatric patients are nausea and vomiting. The product may cause serious side effects including serious allergic reactions, fast heart beat and high blood pressure.

People may be allergic to glucagon or to one of the inactive ingredients in GVOKE PFS, or may experience fast heart-beat for a short while.

If you experience any other reactions that may have been caused by the GVOKE PFS, please contact your healthcare provider.

Important:

• • Act quickly. Prolonged unconsciousness may be harmful.

• After the injection is complete, turn the unconscious patient on his or her side to prevent them from choking in case they throw up (vomit).
• Carefully read and follow these instructions. Have a healthcare provider show you the right way to use the Gvoke PFS.

Important Warnings

• Do not open pouch until time of use.
• Do not use after the expiration date has passed.
• Do not use if the red needle cap has been removed or is damaged.
• Do not remove the red cap until you are ready to inject.
• Do not remove the finger flange from the syringe.
• Call a healthcare provider as soon as GVOKE PFS has been injected.
• If the patient does not awaken within 15 minutes, give another dose of glucagon and call for emergency medical help right away.
• Feed the patient as soon as he or she awakens and is able to swallow.

Read and become familiar with the following instructions before an emergency happens. If you have questions about using the GVOKE PFS, talk with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Remove GVOKE PFS from Pouch

• Tear open pouch at the dotted line and carefully remove the GVOKE PFS (see Figure 1).

Figure 1

 

Check the Expiration Date

• Check the expiration date printed on the label of the GVOKE PFS (see Figure 2).

Important:

Do not use the GVOKE PFS if the expiration date has passed. If the GVOKE PFS is expired, throw it away in an FDA cleared sharps container and use a new GVOKE PFS.

Figure 2

 

Inspect the Solution

• Look at the liquid medicine through the viewing window. It must be clear and colorless, or a pale yellow (see Figure 3).
• It is normal to see air bubbles in the medicine.

Important:

• Do not try to remove air bubbles before injecting.
• Do not use GVOKE PFS or inject if the liquid contains lumps, flakes, or particles.
• Do not inject if solution is not visible in the viewing window.
• If you do not have another GVOKE PFS to use call for emergency medical help right away.

Figure 3

 

Choose Injection Site and Expose Bare Skin

• Choose the lower abdomen, outer thigh, or outer upper arm for your injection site (see Figure 4).
• Remove any clothing covering the injection site (see Figure 5). The injection must be performed straight into the skin.

Important:

Do not inject through clothing

Figure 4 and 5

 

Pull off the Needle Cap

• Pull the red needle cap straight off of the syringe (see Figure 6).

Important:

Do not put your thumb, fingers, or hand on or near the needle guard or needle opening to help prevent accidental needle sticks.

Figure 6

 

Pinch, Insert and Push to Start Injection

• Pinch the skin directly around the chosen injection site and keep pinching for the entire injection (see Figure 7). This is recommended to make sure a subcutaneous (under the skin) injection is given and to prevent injection into the muscle.
• Without touching the plunger, insert the needle into the skin at the injection site at a 90-degree angle (see Figure 8).
• Push the plunger down as far as it will go to inject all of the liquid medicine into the skin (see Figure 9). You want to inject the medicine very fast to help decrease the pain.

Important:

Do not aspirate (pull back on plunger rod) after inserting the needle.

Push the plunger down as far as it will go.

Do not lift up the GVOKE PFS until the injection is complete.

Figure 7, 8 and 9

 

Lift Away from Skin

• Lift the syringe straight up from the injection site (see Figure 10).

Important:

Do not re-cap the syringe.

Figure 10

 

Turn Patient onto Side

• When an unconscious person wakes up, he or she may throw up (vomit).
• Turn the unconscious patient on their side to prevent choking (see Figure 11).

Figure 11

 

Make Sure Patient Receives Immediate Medical Attention After Use

• Call for emergeny medical help right after the GVOKE PFS has been injected.
• Even if the GVOKE PFS helps the patient to wake up, you should still call for emergency medical help right away.
• The patients’s healthcare provider should also be notified whenever a severe drop in blood sugar (hypoglycemic reactions) happens. Hypoglycemia may happen again after receiving an injection from the GVOKE PFS. The patient’s diabetes medication may need to be changed.
• Feed the patient as soon as he or she wakes up and is able to swallow. Give the patient a fast-acting source of sugar (such as a regular soft drink or fruit juice) and a long-acting source of sugar (such as crackers and cheese or a meat sandwich). If the patient does not wake up within 15 minutes, give another dose of glucagon and notify emergency medical services right away.

Dispose of the GVOKE PFS in a FDA Cleared Sharps Disposal Container

To prevent injury caused from contact with the used needle, put the used syringe in a safe place until it can be disposed of into a FDA cleared sharps container right away after use (see Figure 12). Do not throw away (dispose of) loose needles and syringes in your household trash.

If you do not have a FDA cleared sharps disposal container, you may use a household container that is:

• made of a heavy-duty plastic
• can be closed with a tight-fitting puncture-resistant lid, without sharps being able to come out
• upright and stable during use
• leak-resistant
• properly labeled to warn of hazardous waste inside the container.

When your sharps disposal container is almost full, you will need to follow your community guidelines for the right way to dispose of your sharps disposal container. There may be state or local laws about how you should throw away used needles and syringes. For more information about safe sharps disposal, and for specific information about sharps disposal in the state that you live in, go to the FDA’s website at: http://www.fda.gov/safesharpsdisposal.

Do not dispose of your used sharps disposal container in your household trash unless your community guidelines permit this.

Always keep the sharps container out of the reach of children.

If needed, make sure to get a refill of your GVOKE PFS.

Figure 12

 

Gvoke ®Kit Instructions for Use

GVOKE ®KIT Visual

Understanding GVOKE KIT

GVOKE KIT contains one (1) single-dose sterile syringe (29 G x ½” needle) with markings for 0.1 mL (0.5 mg pediatric dose) and 0.2 mL (1 mg adult dose), and one single-dose vial containing 0.2 mL of solution.

 

 

Storing GVOKE KIT

Storage Information

• Store vial and pouched syringe together in original carton until time of use. Do not remove syringe from pouch until time of use.
• Store at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
• Do not refrigerate or freeze.
• Protect vial from light exposure.

Important Information You Need to Know Before Injecting GVOKE KIT

• Become familiar with the following instructions before an emergency happens.
• Do not use this product past the expiration date printed on the vial. Replace GVOKEKIT before the expiration date on the box.
• If you have questions regarding the use of this product, talk to a healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Make sure that relatives, close friends, or caregivers know that if you become unconscious, they should call for emergency medical help right away. GVOKE KIT may have been prescribed so that relatives, close friends, and caregivers can give the injection if you become hypoglycemic (severe low blood sugar) and are unable to take sugar by mouth. If you are unconscious, GVOKE KIT can be given while awaiting medical assistance.

Show your relatives, close friends, or caregivers where you store GVOKE KIT and how to use it. They need to know how to use GVOKE KIT before an emergency happens.

Indications for Use

GVOKE KIT is for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes ages 2 years and above. Symptoms of severe hypoglycemia include unconsciousness and seizures or convulsions.

Give GVOKE KIT if:

1. the patient is unconscious,
2. the patient is unable to eat sugar or a sugar-sweetened product,
3. the patient is having a seizure, or
4. you have tried to give the patient sugar or drinks that are high in sugar such as a regular soft drink (soda) or fruit juice and the patient does not get better.

Milder cases of hypoglycemia should be treated promptly by eating sugar or a sugar-sweetened product. (See Information on Hypoglycemia for more information on the symptoms of low blood sugar.) GVOKE KIT will not work when taken by mouth (orally).

Information on Hypoglycemia

Early symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) include:

• sweating
• drowsiness
• dizziness
• sleep disturbances
• palpitations
• anxiety
• tremor
• blurred vision
• hunger
• slurred speech
• depressed mood
• tingling in the hands, feet, lips, or tongue
• irritability
• light-headedness
• abnormal behavior
• inability to concentrate
• unsteady movement
• headache
• personality changes

If not treated, the patient may progress to severe hypoglycemia which can include:

• confusion
• seizures
• unconsciousness
• death

The occurrence of early symptoms of hypoglycemia calls for quick and, if necessary, repeated administration of some form of carbohydrate. Patients should always carry a quick source of sugar, such as candy mints or glucose tablets. The prompt treatment of mild hypoglycemic symptoms can prevent severe hypoglycemic reactions. If the patient does not improve or if administration of carbohydrate is not possible, GVOKE KIT should be used or the patient should be treated with intravenous glucose by a medical professional.

Possible Problems with GVOKE KIT Treatment

Common side effects in adults and pediatric patients are nausea and vomiting. The product may cause serious side effects including serious allergic reactions, fast heart-beat, and high blood pressure.

People may be allergic to glucagon or to one of the inactive ingredients in GVOKE KIT or may experience fast heartbeat for a short while.

If you experience any other reactions that may have been caused by GVOKE KIT, please contact your healthcare provider.

Important:

• Act quickly. Prolonged unconsciousness may be harmful.
• After the injection is complete, turn the unconscious patient on his or her side to prevent them from choking in case they throw up (vomit).
• Carefully read and follow these instructions. Have a healthcare provider show you the right way to use GVOKE KIT.

Important Warnings

• Do not remove syringe from pouch until time of use.
• Do not use after the expiration date has passed.
• Do not use if the needle cap has been removed or is damaged.
• Draw the correct dose of Gvoke: 0.1 mL for pediatric patients aged 2 to under 12 years of age weighing less than 45 kg (100 lbs) and 0.2 mL for adults and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older or pediatric patients weighing 45 kg (100 lbs) or greater.
• There will be unused medicine in the vial after use. Do not save unused medicine for later use. Throw away (discard) unused portion
• Call a healthcare provider as soon as glucagon has been injected.
• If the patient does not wake up within 15 minutes, give another dose of GVOKE KIT and call for emergency medical help right away.
• Feed the patient as soon as he or she wakes up and is able to swallow.

Read and become familiar with the following instructions before an emergency happens. If you have questions about using GVOKE KIT, talk with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Preparing to Inject GVOKE KIT

Step 1. Remove GVOKE Vial and Syringe from Carton

• Open carton and carefully remove GVOKE vial and syringe (see Figure A).

Figure A

 

Step 2. Check the Expiration Date on GVOKE Vial

• Check the expiration date printed on the label of the GVOKE vial (see Figure B).

Figure B

 

• Important: Do not use the GVOKE vial if the expiration date has passed. If the GVOKE vial is expired, discard and use a new GVOKE KIT. If you do not have another GVOKE KIT to use call for emergency medical help right away.

Step 3. Inspect the Solution in GVOKE Vial

• Look at the liquid medicine in the vial. It must be clear and colorless, or a pale yellow (see Figure C).

Figure C

 

• Important: Do not use GVOKE or inject if the liquid contains lumps, flakes, or particles.

Step 4. Prepare

• Remove the blue cap from the vial to expose the rubber stopper (see Figure D).

Figure D

 

• Tear Open Pouch at Dotted Line (see Figure E). Remove syringe.

Figure E

 

• Pull the needle cap straight off the syringe (see Figure F).

Figure F

 

• Important: Do not put your thumb, fingers, or hand on or near the needle to help prevent accidental needle sticks.
• Push the needle fully into the center of the rubber stopper (see Figure G). It is important to make sure the needle punctures within the raised circle of the stopper.

Figure G

 

• Flip vial and syringe so vial is on top (see Figure H).

Figure H

 

• Hold the vial upside down and pull the plunger out until the mark for 0.1 mL (0.5 mg pediatric dose) or 0.2 mL (1 mg adult dose) is lined up with the plunger and remove the syringe from the vial stopper (Figure I).

Figure I

 

• GVOKE should be administered immediately.
• Important: Avoid drawing air into the syringe. If large air bubbles are drawn into the syringe, gently press the plunger to push air bubbles back into the vial and redraw the dose.
• There will be unused medicine in the vial after use. Do not save unused medicine for later use. Throw away (discard) unused portion.

Injecting GVOKE KIT

Step 5. Choose Injection Site and Expose Bare Skin

• Choose the lower abdomen, outer thigh, or outer upper arm for your injection site (see Figure J).

Figure J

 

• Remove any clothing covering the injection site (see Figure K).The injection must be performed straight into the skin.

Figure K

 

Important: Do not inject through clothing.

Step 6. Pinch, Insert, and Push to Start Injection

• Pinch the skin directly around the chosen injection site and keep pinching for the entire injection (see Figure L).This is recommended to make sure a subcutaneous(under the skin) injection is given and to prevent injection into the muscle.

Figure L

 

• Without touching the plunger, insert the needle into the skin at the injection site at a 90 degree angle (see Figure M).

Figure M

 

• Push the plunger down as far as it will go to inject all of the liquid medicine into the skin (see Figure N). You want to inject the medicine very fast to help decrease the pain.

Figure N

 

Important: aspirate (pull back on plunger rod) after inserting the needle. Do not lift up the syringe until the injection is complete.

Step 7. Lift Away from Skin

• Lift the syringe straight up from the injection site (Figure O).

Figure O

 

• Important: Do not re-cap the syringe.

Step 8. Turn Patient onto Side

• When an unconscious person wakes up, he or she may throw up (vomit).
• Turn the unconscious patient on their side to prevent choking (see Figure P).

Figure P

 

Step 9.Make Sure Patient Receives Immediate Medical Attention After Use

• Call for emergency medical help right after GVOKE has been injected.
• Even if GVOKE KIT helps the patient to wake up, you should still call for emergency medical help right away.
• The patient’s healthcare provider should also be notified whenever a severe drop in blood sugar (hypoglycemic reactions) happens. Hypoglycemia may happen again after receiving an injection from GVOKE KIT. The patient’s diabetes medicine may need to be changed.
• Feed the patient as soon as he or she wakes up and is able to swallow. Give the patient a fast-acting source of sugar (such as a regular soft drink or fruit juice) and along-acting source of sugar (such as crackers and cheese or a meat sandwich).
• If the patient does not wake up within 15 minutes, give another dose of glucagon if a second GVOKE KIT is available and notify emergency medical services right away.

Disposing of GVOKE KIT

Disposing of GVOKE KIT

After the injection, discard vial with unused medicine and place the used syringe in a safe place until it can be disposed of in an FDA-cleared sharps container (see Figure Q). Do not throw away (dispose of) loose needles and syringes in your household trash.

If you do not have an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container, you may use a household container that is:

• made of a heavy-duty plastic
• can be closed with a tight-fitting puncture-resistant lid, without sharps being able to come out
• upright and stable during use
• leak-resistant
• properly labeled to warn of hazardous waste inside the container

When your sharps disposal container is almost full, you will need to follow your community guidelines for the right way to dispose of your sharps disposal container. There may be state or local laws about how you should throw away used needles and syringes. For more information about safe sharps disposal, and for specific information about sharps disposal in the state that you live in, go to the FDA’s website at: http://www.fda.gov/safesharpsdisposal.

Do not dispose of your used sharps disposal container in your household trash unless your community guidelines permit this. Do not recycle your used sharps disposal container.

Always keep the sharps container out of the reach of children.

If needed, make sure to get a refill of your GVOKE KIT.

Description

GVOKE contains glucagon, an antihypoglycemic agent used to treat severe hypoglycemia. Glucagon is a single chain containing 29 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 3483 and is identical to human glucagon. Glucagon is produced by solid phase synthesis with subsequent purification.

Its molecular formula is C₁₅₃H₂₂₅N₄₃O₄₉S with the following structure:

 

 

GVOKE is a clear, colorless to pale yellow, sterile solution for subcutaneous injection available in 0.5 mg per 0.1 mL or 1 mg per 0.2 mL auto-injector or pre-filled syringe.

Each 0.2 mL of GVOKE contains 1 mg of glucagon, 11.1 mg of trehalose dihydrate USP and 1.2 mg of 1N sulfuric acid, NF in dimethyl sulfoxide diluent.

Each 0.1 mL of GVOKE contains 0.5 mg of glucagon, 5.6 mg of trehalose dihydrate USP and 0.6 mg of 1N sulfuric acid, NF in dimethyl sulfoxide diluent.

Indications

No Information provided

Dosage And Administration

Important Administration Instructions

GVOKE auto-injector, pre-filled syringe, and vial and syringe kit are for subcutaneous injection only.

Instruct patients and their caregivers on the signs and symptoms of severe hypoglycemia. Because severe hypoglycemia requires the help of others to recover, instruct the patient to inform those around them about GVOKE and its Instructions for Use. Administer GVOKE as soon as possible when severe hypoglycemia is recognized.

Instruct the patient or caregiver to read the Instructions for Use at the time they receive a prescription for GVOKE. Emphasize the following instructions to the patient or caregiver:

• For the HypoPen or pre-filled syringe: Do not open foil pouch until ready to administer.
• For the vial and syringe kit: Store in original carton until ready to administer.
• Administer GVOKE according to the printed instructions on the foil pouch label, carton, or the Instructions for Use.
• Visually inspect GVOKE prior to administration. The solution should appear clear and colorless to pale yellow and be free of particles. If the solution is discolored or contains particulate matter, do not use.
• Administer the injection in the lower abdomen, outer thigh, or outer upper arm.
• Withdraw the correct dose.
• Call for emergency assistance immediately after administering the dose.
• If there has been no response after 15 minutes, an additional dose from a new device or vial and syringe kit may be administered while waiting for emergency assistance.
• When the patient has responded to treatment, give oral carbohydrates to restore the liver glycogen and prevent recurrence of hypoglycemia.
• Do not attempt to reuse GVOKE. Each GVOKE device or vial contains a single dose of glucagon and cannot be reused. Discard any unused portion.

Dosage In Adults And Pediatric Patients Aged 2 Years And Above

Adults And Pediatric Patients Aged 12 And Older

• The recommended dose of GVOKE is 1 mg administered by subcutaneous injection into lower abdomen, outer thigh, or outer upper arm.
• If there has been no response after 15 minutes, an additional 1 mg dose of GVOKE from a new device or vial and syringe kit may be administered while waiting for emergency assistance.

Pediatric Patients Aged 2 To Under 12 Years Of Age

• The recommended dose for pediatric patients who weigh less than 45 kg is 0.5 mg GVOKE administered by subcutaneous injection into the lower abdomen, outer thigh, or outer upper arm.
• The recommended dose for pediatric patients who weigh 45 kg or greater is 1 mg GVOKE administered by subcutaneous injection into the lower abdomen, outer thigh, or outer upper arm.
• If there has been no response after 15 minutes, an additional weight appropriate dose of GVOKE from a new device or vial and syringe kit may be administered while waiting for emergency assistance.

How Supplied

Storage And Handling

GVOKE injection is supplied as a clear, colorless to pale yellow solution in the following configurations:

 

Strength	Packaging Size	NDC number
0.5 mg per 0.1 mL	1 single-dose auto-injector (HypoPen)	72065-120-11
0.5 mg per 0.1 mL	2 single-dose auto-injectors (HypoPen)	72065-120-12
1 mg per 0.2 mL	1 single-dose auto-injector (HypoPen)	72065-121-11
1 mg per 0.2 mL	2 single-dose auto-injectors (HypoPen)	72065-121-12
0.5 mg per 0.1 mL	1 single-dose pre-filled syringe	72065-130-11
0.5 mg per 0.1 mL	2 single-dose pre-filled syringes	72065-130-12
1 mg per 0.2 mL	1 single-dose pre-filled syringe	72065-131-11
1 mg per 0.2 mL	2 single-dose pre-filled syringes	72065-131-12
1 mg per 0.2 mL	1 single-dose vial and syringe	72065-140-11

 

• Store GVOKE at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15° and 30°C (59° and 86°F). Do not refrigerate or freeze. Do not expose to extreme temperatures.
• Store the GVOKE HypoPen and pre-filled syringe in the original sealed foil pouch until time of use. Store the vial and pouched together in original carton until time of use. Discard any unused portion.

Manufactured for Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. by Pyramid Laboratories Inc., Costa Mesa, CA 92626. Revised: Aug 2021

Side Effects

The following serious adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in labeling:

• Hypersensitivity and Allergic Reactions [ see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].
• Necrolytic Migratory Erythema [ see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of GVOKE cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of other drugs and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse Reactions In Adult Patients

The safety of GVOKE was evaluated in two randomized, blinded, 2-way crossover studies conducted in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In total, 154 patients received an injection of GVOKE [ see Clinical Studies].

The most common adverse reactions occurring in 2% or more of adult subjects treated with GVOKE during clinical trials are listed in Table 1.

Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring ≥ 2% in Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with GVOKE

	GVOKE 1 mg dose (N= 154)
Nausea	30%
Vomiting	16%
Injection site edema raised 1 mm or greater	7%
Headache	5%

 

Injection site pain was reported by 1% of patients with GVOKE.

Hypertension and tachycardia have occurred with glucagon treatment.

Adverse Reactions In Pediatric Patients Aged 2 Years And Older

The safety of GVOKE was evaluated in one single-arm, open-label, study in 31 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus [see Clinical Studies].

The data in Table 2 reflect the exposure of 31 pediatric patients to 0.5 mg or 1 mg of GVOKE. The most common adverse reactions occurring in 2% or greater of pediatric patients treated with GVOKE are listed in Table 2.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occuring ≥ 2% in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Treated with GVOKE*

	Ages 2 to under 6 years of age (0.5 mg dose) N =7	Ages 6 to under 12 years of age (0.5 mg dose) N= 13	Ages 12 to under 18 (1 mg dose) N = 11	Total N = 31
Nausea	43%	54%	36%	45%
Hypoglycemia	29%	54%	27%	39%
Vomiting	14%	23%	18%	19%
Headache	0%	15%	0%	7%
Abdominal pain	0%	8%	0%	3%
Hyperglycemia	14%	8%	0%	7%
Injection site discomfort	0%	8%	0%	3%
Injection site reaction	0%	0%	9%	3%
Urticaria	0%	8%	0%	3%
* Adverse Reactions occurring within 12 hours.

 

Postmarketing Experience

Additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of glucagon. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is generally not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) cases have been reported postmarketing in patients receiving continuous infusion of glucagon.

Hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic coma. Patients taking indomethacin may be more likely to experience hypoglycemia following glucagon administration [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].

Drug Interactions

Beta-Blockers

Patients taking beta-blockers may have a transient increase in pulse and blood pressure when given GVOKE.

Indomethacin

In patients taking indomethacin, GVOKE may lose its ability to raise blood glucose or may even produce hypoglycemia.

Warfarin

GVOKE may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

Warnings

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

Precautions

Substantial Increase In Blood Pressure In Patients Pheochromocytoma

GVOKE is contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma because glucagon may stimulate the release of catecholamines from the tumor [ see CONTRAINDICATIONS]. If the patient develops a substantial increase in blood pressure and a previously undiagnosed pheochromocytoma is suspected, 5 to 10 mg of phentolaminemesylate, administered intravenously, has been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure.

Hypoglycemia In Patients With Insulinoma

In patients with insulinoma, administration of glucagon may produce an initial increase in blood glucose; however, glucagon administration may directly or indirectly(through an initial rise in blood glucose) stimulate exaggerated insulin release from an insulinoma and cause hypoglycemia. GVOKE is contraindicated in patients with insulinoma [ see CONTRAINDICATIONS]. If a patient develops symptoms of hypoglycemia after a dose of GVOKE, give glucose orally or intravenously.

Hypersensitivity And Allergic Reactions

Allergic reactions have been reported with glucagon, these include generalized rash, and in some cases anaphylactic shock with breathing difficulties and hypotension. GVOKE is contraindicated in patients with a prior hypersensitivity reaction [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].

Lack Of Efficacy In Patients With Decreased Hepatic Glycogen

GVOKE is effective in treating hypoglycemia only if sufficient hepatic glycogen is present. Patients in states of starvation, with adrenal insufficiency or chronic hypoglycemia may not have adequate levels of hepatic glycogen for GVOKE administration to be effective. Patients with these conditions should be treated with glucose.

Necrolytic Migratory Erythema

Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), a skin rash commonly associated with glucagonomas (glucagon-producing tumors) and characterized by scaly, pruriticerythematous plaques, bullae, and erosions, has been reported postmarketing following continuous glucagon infusion. NME lesions may affect the face, groin, perineum and legs or be more widespread. In the reported cases NME resolved with discontinuation of the glucagon, and treatment with corticosteroids was not effective. Should NME occur, consider whether the benefits of continuous glucagon infusion outweigh the risks.

Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient and family members or caregivers to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION and Instructions for Use).

Recognition Of Severe Hypoglycemia

Inform patient and family members or caregivers on how to recognize the signs and symptoms of severe hypoglycemia and the risks of prolonged hypoglycemia.

Administration

Review the Patient Information and Instructions for Use with the patient and family members or caregivers.

Serious Hypersensitivity

Inform patients that allergic reactions can occur with GVOKE. Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention if they experience any symptoms of serious hypersensitivity reactions [ see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Long term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential have not been performed. Recombinant glucagon was positive in the bacterial Ames assay. It was determined that an increase in colony counts was related to technical difficulties in running this assay with peptides. Studies in rats have shown that glucagon does not cause impaired fertility.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Available data from case reports and a small number of observational studies with glucagon use in pregnant women over decades of use have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Multiple small studies have demonstrated a lack of transfer of pancreatic glucagon across the human placental barrier during early gestation. In a rat reproduction study, no embryo fetal toxicity was observed with glucagon administered by injection during the period of organogenesis at doses representing up to 40 times the human dose, based on body surface area (mg/m²) (see Data).

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

In pregnant rats given animal sourced glucagon twice-daily by injection at doses up to 2 mg/kg (up to 40 times the human dose based on body surface area extrapolation, mg/m²) during the period of organogenesis, there was no evidence of increased malformations or embryo fetal lethality.

Lactation

Risk Summary

There is no information available on the presence of glucagon in human or animal milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. However, glucagon is a peptide and would be expected to be broken down to its constituent amino acids in the infant’s digestive tract and is therefore, unlikely to cause harm to an exposed infant.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of GVOKE for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes have been established in pediatric patients ages 2 years and above. Use of GVOKE for this indication is supported by evidence from a study in 31 pediatric patients ages 2 and older with type 1 diabetes mellitus [see Clinical Studies].

The safety and effectiveness of GVOKE have not been established in pediatric patients younger than 2 years of age.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of GVOKE did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Limited clinical trial experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients.

Overdose

If over dosage occurs, the patient may experience nausea, vomiting, inhibition of GI tract motility, increase in blood pressure, and pulse rate. In case of suspected overdosing, serum potassium may decrease and should be monitored and corrected if needed. If the patient develops a dramatic increase in blood pressure, phentolamine mesylate has been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure for the short time that control would be needed.

Contraindications

GVOKE is contraindicated in patients with:

• Pheochromocytoma because of the risk of substantial increase in blood pressure [ see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Insulinoma because of the risk of hypoglycemia [ see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Known hypersensitivity to glucagon or to any of the excipients in GVOKE. Allergic reactions have been reported with glucagon and include anaphylactic shock with breathing difficulties and hypotension [ see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Dosage Forms And Strengths

GVOKE injection is a clear, colorless to pale yellow solution available as follows:

• 0.5 mg/0.1 mL single-dose pre-filled HypoPen auto-injector
• 1 mg/0.2 mL single-dose pre-filled HypoPen auto-injector
• 0.5 mg/0.1 mL single-dose pre-filled syringe
• 1 mg/0.2 mL single-dose pre-filled syringe
• 1 mg/0.2 mL single-dose vial and syringe kit

Clinical Pharmacology

Mechanism Of Action

Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration by activating hepatic glucagon receptors, thereby stimulating glycogen breakdown and release of glucose from the liver. Hepatic stores of glycogen are necessary for glucagon to produce an antihypoglycemic effect.

Pharmacodynamics

After administration of 1 mg GVOKE in adult patients with diabetes, the mean maximum glucose increase from baseline was 176 mg/dL.

Figure 1: Mean ± Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) Plasma Glucose vs. Time from 1 mg GVOKE Injection in Adult Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

 

In pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (2 to less than 18 years), the mean maximum glucose increase from baseline was 134 mg/dL (2 to less than 6 years), 145mg/dL (6 to less than 12 years), and 123 mg/dL (12 to less than 18 years).

Figure 2: Mean (± SEM) Plasma Glucose vs. Time from GVOKE Injection in Pediatric Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

 

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Subcutaneous injection of 1 mg GVOKE in adult type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects resulted in a mean glucagon Cmax of 2481.3 pg/mL, tmax of 50 minutes and AUC0-240min of 3454.6 pg*min/mL.

Figure 3: Mean (± SEM) Plasma Glucagon Concentration vs. Time for 1 mg GVOKE Injection in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

 

Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution was in the range of 137-2425 L.

Elimination

The half-life of GVOKE was determined to be 32 minutes.

Metabolism

Glucagon is extensively degraded in liver, kidney, and plasma.

Excretion

Urinary excretion of intact glucagon has not been measured.

Specific Populations

Pediatrics

Subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg GVOKE in subjects ages 2 to under 6 years resulted in a mean glucagon Cmax of 2300 pg/mL, tmax of 41 minutes, andAUC0-180min of 138900 pg/mL*min. Subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg GVOKE in subjects ages 6 to under 12 years resulted in a mean Cmax of 1600 pg/mL, median tmax of 34 minutes and AUC0-180min of 104700 pg/mL*min. Subcutaneous injection of 1 mg GVOKE in subjects ages 12 to less than 18 years resulted in a mean Cmax of 1900 pg/mL, tmax of 51 minutes AUC0-180min of 134300 pg/mL*min. Mean plasma glucagon levels were similar across the age groups following age appropriate doses of GVOKE.

Figure 4: Mean (± SEM) Plasma Glucagon Concentration vs. Time from GVOKE Injection in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

 

Clinical Studies

Adult Patients Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

GVOKE was evaluated in adult patients aged 18 to 74 years with type 1 diabetes in two multi-center 2-way crossover studies, Study A was double-blinded with 80patients, and Study B was single-blinded with 81 patients. Both studies involved 2 clinic visits 7 to 28 days apart, with random assignment to receive GVOKE 1 mg during one session and GEK 1 mg during the other. 154 subjects received an injection of GVOKE and 157 subjects received an injection of GEK. A total of 152subjects received both GVOKE and GEK.

The efficacy of GVOKE was compared to GEK in subjects who were in a state of insulin-induced hypoglycemia via insulin infusion with target plasma glucose lessthan 50 mg/dL. In Study A, mean plasma glucose at time of glucagon administration was 44.8 mg/dL and 45.2 mg/dL for GVOKE and GEK, respectively. In Study B, mean plasma glucose at time of glucagon administration was 47.7 mg/dL and 48.7 mg/dL for GVOKE and GEK, respectively.

Treatment ‘success’ was defined as plasma glucose increase from mean value at time of glucagon administration to absolute value greater than 70 mg/dL or relative increase of 20 mg/dL or greater, at 30 minutes after glucagon administration. In a pooled analysis of Study A and Study B, the proportion of patients who achieved treatment ‘success’ was 98.7 % in the GVOKE group and 100% in the GEK group and the comparison between groups met the pre-specified non-inferiority margin. A summary of treatment ‘success’ rates is shown in Table 3.

The mean time to treatment ‘success’ was 13.8 minutes in the GVOKE group and 10 minutes in the GEK group.

Table 3: Adult Patients Meeting Treatment Success in Studies A and B Combined

	Study A (n=80)		Study B (n=81)		Pooled Studies A and B (n=161)2
	GVOKE	GEK	GVOKE	GEK	GVOKE	GEK
Treatment Success-n (%)1	76 (97%)	79 (100%)	76 (100%)	78 (100%)	152 (99%)	157 (100%)
Glucose criteria met- n (%)
Greater than 70 mg/dL	74 (95%)	79 (100%)	76 (100%)	78 (100%)	150 (97%)	157 (100%)
20 mg/dL or greater increase from baseline	76 (97%)	79 (100%)	76 (100%)	78 (100%)	152 (99%)	157 (100%)
1 – Treatment success is defines as blood glucose greater than 70 mg/dL or an increase of blood glucose by 20 mg/dL or greater from baseline. The efficacy analysis population consisted of all patients who received both doses of the study drug. 2 – Percentage based on number of patients from both studies.

 

Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

GVOKE was evaluated in a study in 31 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Patients were administered insulin to induce a plasma glucose of less than 80mg/dL. Patients ages 2 to under 6 years and 6 to under 12 years of age then received a 0.5 mg dose of GVOKE. Patients ages 12 and older received a 0.5 mg or 1 mg dose of GVOKE.

All evaluable pediatric patients (30/30) achieved a target glucose increase of at least 25 mg/dL. Following administration, plasma glucose levels over time showed similar glucose responses for patients in each age group. A summary of plasma glucose results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Plasma Glucose by Age Group

Age Group	GVOKE Dose	Plasma Glucose (mg/dL)
		Mean (SD) Baseline	30 minutes	Change
2 to under 6 years (n=7)	0.5 mg	68.1 (8.3)	149.6 (15.2)	81.4 (18.3)
6 to under 12 years (n=13)	0.5 mg	71.6 (7.6)	155.8 (26.5)	84.2 (25.3)
12 to under 18 years (n=11)	0.5 mg	75.2 (2.1)	128.1(20.46)	52.9 (19.88)
	1 mg	74.5 (4.84)	129.5 (29.5)	55 (27.3)
SD=standard deviation