Mozoibil

Patient Information

Advise patients of the potential for anaphylactic reactions, including signs and symptoms such as urticaria, periorbital swelling, dyspnea, or hypoxia during and following Mozobil injection and to report these symptoms immediately to a healthcare professional [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].

Advise patients to contact healthcare professional immediately if they experience left upper abdominal pain and/or scapular or shoulder pain [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].

Advise patients to inform a healthcare professional immediately if symptoms of vasovagal reactions such as orthostatic hypotension or syncope occur during or shortly after their Mozobil injection [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].

Advise patients who experience itching, rash, or reaction at the site of injection to notify a healthcare professional, as these symptoms have been treated with over-the-counter medications during clinical trials [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].

Advise patients that Mozobil may cause gastrointestinal disorders, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, and abdominal pain. Patients should be told how to manage specific gastrointestinal disorders and to inform their healthcare professional if severe events occur following Mozobil injection [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].

Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females to contact their healthcare provider if they become pregnant, or if pregnancy is suspected, during treatment with Mozobil [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Use In Specific Populations].

Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraceptive methods during Mozobil use and for 1 week following the last dose [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Use In Specific Populations].

Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Mozobil and for 1 week following the last dose [Use In Specific Populations].

Description

Mozobil (plerixafor) injection is a sterile, preservative-free, clear, colorless to pale-yellow, isotonic solution for subcutaneous injection. Each mL of the sterile solution contains 20 mg of plerixafor. Each single-use vial is filled to deliver 1.2 mL of the sterile solution that contains 24 mg of plerixafor and 5.9 mg of sodium chloride in Water for Injection adjusted to a pH of 6.0 to 7.5 with hydrochloric acid and with sodium hydroxide, if required.

Plerixafor is a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer with a chemical name l, 1’-[1,4phenylenebis(methylene)]-bis-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane. It has the molecular formula C₂₈H₅₄N₈. The molecular weight of plerixafor is 502.79 g/mol. The structural formula is provided in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Structural Formula

 

Plerixafor is a white to off-white crystalline solid. It is hygroscopic. Plerixafor has a typical melting point of 131.5°C. The partition coefficient of plerixafor between 1-octanol and pH 7 aqueous buffer is <0.1.

Mozobil^®(plerixafor) injection is indicated in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM).

Dosage And Admintisration

Recommended Dosage And Administration

Vials should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration and should not be used if there is particulate matter or if the solution is discolored.

Begin treatment with Mozobil after the patient has received G-CSF once daily for four days [see Recommended Concomitant Medications]. Administer Mozobil approximately 11 hours prior to initiation of each apheresis for up to 4 consecutive days.

The recommended dose of Mozobil by subcutaneous injection is based on body weight:

• 20 mg fixed dose or 0.24 mg/kg of body weight for patients weighing ≤83 kg. [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]
• 0.24 mg/kg of body weight for patients weighing >83 kg.

Use the patient’s actual body weight to calculate the volume of Mozobil to be administered. Each vial delivers 1.2 mL of 20 mg/mL solution, and the volume to be administered to patients should be calculated from the following equation:

0.012 × patient’s actual body weight (in kg) = volume to be administered (in mL)

In clinical studies, Mozobil dose has been calculated based on actual body weight in patients up to 175% of ideal body weight. Mozobil dose and treatment of patients weighing more than 175% of ideal body weight have not been investigated.

Based on increasing exposure with increasing body weight, the Mozobil dose should not exceed 40 mg/day [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Recommended Concomitant Medications

Administer daily morning doses of G-CSF 10 micrograms/kg for 4 days prior to the first evening dose of Mozobil and on each day prior to apheresis [see Clinical Studies].

Dosing In Renal Impairment

In patients with moderate and severe renal impairment (estimated creatinine clearance (CL_CR) ≤50 mL/min), reduce the dose of Mozobil by one-third based on body weight category as shown in Table 1. If CL_CR is ≤50 mL/min the dose should not exceed 27 mg/day, as the mg/kg-based dosage results in increased plerixafor exposure with increasing body weight [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Similar systemic exposure is predicted if the dose is reduced by one-third in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment compared with subjects with normal renal function [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Table 1: Recommended Dosage of Mozobil in Patients with Renal Impairment

Estimated Creatinine Clearance (mL/min)	Dose
	Body Weight ≤83 kg	Body Weight >83 kg and <160 kg
>50	20 mg or 0.24 mg/kg once daily	0.24 mg/kg once daily (not to exceed 40 mg/day)
≤50	13 mg or 0.16 mg/kg once daily	0.16 mg/kg once daily (not to exceed 27 mg/day)

 

The following (Cockcroft-Gault) formula may be used to estimate CL_CR:

 

Males:	(weight in kg) x (140 – age)
	(72) x serum creatinine (mg/100 mL)
Females:	(0.85) x (above value)

 

There is insufficient information to make dosage recommendations in patients on hemodialysis.

How Supplied

Dosage Forms And Strengths

Single-use vial containing 1.2 mL of a 20 mg/mL solution.

Storage And Handling

Each single-use vial is filled to deliver 1.2 mL of 20 mg/mL solution containing 24 mg of plerixafor.

NDC Number: 0024-5862-01

• Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C-30°C (59°F-86°F). [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]
• Each vial of Mozobil is intended for single use only. Any unused drug remaining after injection must be discarded.

Distributed by: Genzyme Corporation 500 Kendall Street Cambridge, MA 02142 USA A SANOFI COMPANY. Revised: Dec 2017.

Side Effects

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:

• Anaphylactic shock and hypersensitivity reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Potential for tumor cell mobilization in leukemia patients [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Increased circulating leukocytes and decreased platelet counts [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Potential for tumor cell mobilization [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Splenic enlargement [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The most common adverse reactions (≥10%) reported in patients who received Mozobil in conjunction with G-CSF regardless of causality and more frequent with Mozobil than placebo during HSC mobilization and apheresis were diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, injection site reactions, headache, arthralgia, dizziness, and vomiting.

Safety data for Mozobil in combination with G-CSF were obtained from two randomized placebo-controlled studies (301 patients) and 10 uncontrolled studies (242 patients). Patients were primarily treated with Mozobil at daily doses of 0.24 mg/kg SC. Median exposure to Mozobil in these studies was 2 days (range 1 to 7 days).

In the two randomized studies in patients with NHL and MM, a total of 301 patients were treated in the Mozobil and G-CSF group and 292 patients were treated in the placebo and G-CSF group. Patients received daily morning doses of G-CSF 10 micrograms/kg for 4 days prior to the first dose of Mozobil 0.24 mg/kg SC or placebo and on each morning prior to apheresis. The adverse reactions that occurred in ≥5% of the patients who received Mozobil regardless of causality and were more frequent with Mozobil than placebo during HSC mobilization and apheresis are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions in ≥5% of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma Patients Receiving Mozobil and More Frequent than Placebo during HSC Mobilization and Apheresis

	Percent of Patients (%)
	Mozobil and G-CSF (n=301)			Placebo and G-CSF (n=292)
	All Gradesa	Grade 3	Grade 4	All Grades	Grade 3	Grade 4
Gastrointestinal disorders
Diarrhea	37	<1	0	17	0	0
Nausea	34	1	0	22	0	0
Vomiting	10	<1	0	6	0	0
Flatulence	7	0	0	3	0	0
General disorders and administration site conditions
Injection site reactions	34	0	0	10	0	0
Fatigue	27	0	0	25	0	0
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Arthralgia	13	0	0	12	0	0
Nervous system disorders
Headache	22	<1	0	21	1	0
Dizziness	11	0	0	6	0	0
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia	7	0	0	5	0	0
a Grades based on criteria from the World Health Organization (WHO)

 

In the randomized studies, 34% of patients with NHL or MM had mild to moderate injection site reactions at the site of subcutaneous administration of Mozobil. These included erythema, hematoma, hemorrhage, induration, inflammation, irritation, pain, paresthesia, pruritus, rash, swelling, and urticaria.

Mild to moderate allergic reactions were observed in less than 1% of patients within approximately 30 min after Mozobil administration, including one or more of the following: urticaria (n=2), periorbital swelling (n=2), dyspnea (n=1) or hypoxia (n=1). Symptoms generally responded to treatments (e.g., antihistamines, corticosteroids, hydration or supplemental oxygen) or resolved spontaneously.

Vasovagal reactions, orthostatic hypotension, and/or syncope can occur following subcutaneous injections. In Mozobil oncology and healthy volunteer clinical studies, less than 1% of subjects experienced vasovagal reactions following subcutaneous administration of Mozobil doses ≤0.24 mg/kg. The majority of these events occurred within 1 hour of Mozobil administration. Because of the potential for these reactions, appropriate precautions should be taken.

Other adverse reactions in the randomized studies that occurred in <5% of patients but were reported as related to Mozobil during HSC mobilization and apheresis included abdominal pain, hyperhidrosis, abdominal distention, dry mouth, erythema, stomach discomfort, malaise, hypoesthesia oral, constipation, dyspepsia, and musculoskeletal pain.

Hyperleukocytosis: In clinical trials, white blood cell counts of 100,000/mcL or greater were observed, on the day prior to or any day of apheresis, in 7% of patients receiving Mozobil and in 1% of patients receiving placebo. No complications or clinical symptoms of leukostasis were observed.

Postmarketing Experience

In addition to adverse reactions reported from clinical trials, the following adverse reactions have been reported from postmarketing experience with Mozobil. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Blood and Lymphatic System: Splenomegaly and splenic rupture

Immune System Disorders: Anaphylactic reactions, including anaphylactic shock

Psychiatric Disorders: Abnormal dreams and nightmares

Drug Intercations

No Information provided

WarningS

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

Precautions

Anaphylactic Shock And Hypersensitivity Reactions

Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic-type reactions, some of which have been life-threatening with clinically significant hypotension and shock have occurred in patients receiving Mozobil [see ADVERSE REACTIONS]. Observe patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Mozobil administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of each administration. Only administer Mozobil when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of anaphylaxis and other hypersensitivity reactions.

In clinical studies, mild or moderate allergic reactions occurred within approximately 30 minutes after Mozobil administration in less than 1% of patients [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].

Tumor Cell Mobilization In Leukemia Patients

For the purpose of HSC mobilization, Mozobil may cause mobilization of leukemic cells and subsequent contamination of the apheresis product. Therefore, Mozobil is not intended for HSC mobilization and harvest in patients with leukemia.

Hematologic Effects

Leukocytosis

Administration of Mozobil in conjunction with G-CSF increases circulating leukocytes as well as HSC populations. Monitor white blood cell counts during Mozobil use [see ADVERSE REACTIONS].

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia has been observed in patients receiving Mozobil. Monitor platelet counts in all patients who receive Mozobil and then undergo apheresis.

Potential For Tumor Cell Mobilization

When Mozobil is used in combination with G-CSF for HSC mobilization‚ tumor cells may be released from the marrow and subsequently collected in the leukapheresis product. The effect of potential reinfusion of tumor cells has not been well-studied.

Splenic Enlargement And Rupture

Higher absolute and relative spleen weights associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis were observed following prolonged (2 to 4 weeks) daily plerixafor SC administration in rats at doses approximately 4-fold higher than the recommended human dose based on body surface area. The effect of Mozobil on spleen size in patients was not specifically evaluated in clinical studies. Cases of splenic enlargement and/or rupture have been reported following the administration of Mozobil in conjunction with growth factor G-CSF. Evaluate individuals receiving Mozobil in combination with G-CSF who report left upper abdominal pain and/or scapular or shoulder pain for splenic integrity.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Based on findings from animal reproduction studies, Mozobil can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Plerixafor administration to pregnant rats during organogenesis resulted in embryo-fetal mortality, structural abnormalities, and alterations to growth at exposures approximately 10 times the exposure at the recommended human dose.

Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use an effective form of contraception during treatment with Mozobil and for one week after the final dose [see Use In Specific Populations].

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies with plerixafor have not been conducted.

Plerixafor was not genotoxic in an in vitro bacterial mutation assay (Ames test in Salmonella), an in vitro chromosomal aberration test using V79 Chinese hamster cells, or an in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test in rats after subcutaneous doses up to 25 mg/kg (150 mg/m²).

The effect of plerixafor on human fertility is unknown. The effect of plerixafor on male fertility was not studied in designated reproductive toxicology studies. The staging of spermatogenesis measured in a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study in rats revealed no abnormalities considered to be related to plerixafor. No histopathological evidence of toxicity to male or female reproductive organs was observed in 28-day repeated dose toxicity studies.

No adverse effects on estrus or reproductive indices were observed in an investigative fertility study in female rats administered plerixafor at doses up to 90mg/m² (15mg/kg/day) or approximately 10 times the recommended human dose of 0.24 mg/kg when compared on a mg/m² basis.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Limited available data with Mozobil use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. In animal reproduction studies, subcutaneous administration of plerixafor to pregnant rats during organogenesis at doses 10times the maximum recommended human doses resulted in embryo-fetal mortality, structural abnormalities, and alterations to growth [see Data].

Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus.

Advise women of reproductive potential to avoid becoming pregnant while receiving treatment with Mozobil [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriages for the indicated population is unknown.

Data

Animal Data

Plerixafor administered to pregnant rats induced embryo-fetal toxicity, including fetal death, increased resorptions and postimplantation loss, decreased fetal weights, anophthalmia, shortened digits, cardiac interventricular septal defect, ringed aorta, globular heart, hydrocephaly, dilatation of olfactory ventricles, and retarded skeletal development. Embryo-fetal toxicities occurred mainly at a dose of 90 mg/m² (approximately 10 times the recommended human dose of 0.24 mg/kg when compared on a mg/m² basis).

Lactation

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of plerixafor in human milk, the effect on the breastfed child, or the effect on milk production. Because of the potential serious adverse reactions in the breastfed child, advise females that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with Mozobil and for one week after the final dose.

Females And Males Of Reproductive Potential

Pregnancy Testing

Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating Mozobil [see Use In Specific Populations].

Contraception

Females

Mozobil can cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to pregnant women [see Use In Specific Populations]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Mozobil and for one week after the final dose.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of Mozobil have not been established in pediatric patients. Effectiveness was not demonstrated in a single phase ½ randomized, open-label, comparative study of Mozobil plus standard regimens for mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation. Forty-five pediatric patients ages 1 to <17 years with solid tumors or lymphoma were randomized 2:1 to Mozobil in addition to standard mobilization regimens (N=30) or standard mobilization regimens alone (N=15) (comparator arm). No new safety signals were observed in pediatric patients in this trial.

The day prior to the first apheresis, median peripheral blood CD34+ counts were 35 × 10⁶ cells/L in the comparator arm and 15 × 10⁶ cells/L in the Mozobil arm. On the day of the first apheresis, median peripheral blood CD34+ counts were 64 × 10⁶ cells/L in the comparator arm and 77 × 10⁶ cells/L in the Mozobil arm.

Plerixafor exposure, shown as AUC, in pediatric patients aged 12 to 18 years was within the range of values previously observed in adults, while the AUC of plerixafor in pediatric patients aged 2 to 12 years was 67% to 87% of that observed in adults, given the same adult dose (0.24 mg/kg).

Geriatric Use

Of the total number of subjects in controlled clinical studies of Mozobil, 24% were 65 and over, while 0.8% were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Since plerixafor is mainly excreted by the kidney, no dose modifications are necessary in elderly individuals with normal renal function. In general, care should be taken in dose selection for elderly patients due to the greater frequency of decreased renal function with advanced age. Dosage adjustment in elderly patients with CLCR less than or equal to 50 mL/min is recommended [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Renal Impairment

In patients with moderate and severe renal impairment (CLCR less than or equal to 50 mL/min), reduce the dose of Mozobil by one-third to 0.16 mg/kg [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Overdose

Based on limited data at doses above the recommended dose of 0.24 mg/kg SC, the frequency of gastrointestinal disorders, vasovagal reactions, orthostatic hypotension, and/or syncope may be higher.

Contraindications

Mozobil is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to plerixafor [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Anaphylactic shock has occurred with use of Mozobil.

Mechanism Of Action

Plerixafor is an inhibitor of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and blocks binding of its cognate ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). SDF-1α and CXCR4 are recognized to play a role in the trafficking and homing of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the marrow compartment. Once in the marrow, stem cell CXCR4 can act to help anchor these cells to the marrow matrix, either directly via SDF-1α or through the induction of other adhesion molecules. Treatment with plerixafor resulted in leukocytosis and elevations in circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells in mice, dogs and humans. CD34+ cells mobilized by plerixafor were capable of engraftment with long-term repopulating capacity up to one year in canine transplantation models.

Pharmacodynamics

Data on the fold increase in peripheral blood CD34+ cell count (cells/mcL) by apheresis day were evaluated in two placebo-controlled clinical studies in patients with NHL and MM (Study 1 and Study 2, respectively). The fold increase in CD34+ cell count (cells/mcL) over the 24-hour period starting from the day prior to the first apheresis and ending the next morning just before the first apheresis is summarized in Table 3. During this 24-hour period, a single dose of Mozobil or placebo was administered 10 to 11 hours prior to apheresis.

Table 3: Fold Increase in Peripheral Blood CD34+ Cell Count Following Pretreatment with G-CSF and Administration of Plerixafor

Study	Mozobil and G-CSF		Placebo and G-CSF
	Median	Mean (SD)	Median	Mean (SD)
Study 1	5.0	6.1 (5.4)	1.4	1.9 (1.5)
Study 2	4.8	6.4 (6.8)	1.7	2.4 (7.3)

 

In pharmacodynamic studies of Mozobil in healthy volunteers, peak mobilization of CD34+ cells was observed between 6 and 9 hours after administration. In pharmacodynamic studies of Mozobil in conjunction with G-CSF in healthy volunteers, a sustained elevation in the peripheral blood CD34+ count was observed from 4 to 18 hours after plerixafor administration with a peak CD34+ count between 10 and 14 hours.

QT/QTc Prolongation

There is no indication of a QT/QTc prolonging effect of Mozobil in single doses up to 0.40 mg/kg. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 48 healthy subjects were administered a single subcutaneous dose of plerixafor (0.24 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg) and placebo. Peak concentrations for 0.40 mg/kg Mozobil were approximately 1.8-fold higher than the peak concentrations following the 0.24 mg/kg single subcutaneous dose.

Pharmacokinetics

The single-dose pharmacokinetics of plerixafor 0.24 mg/kg were evaluated in patients with NHL and MM following pretreatment with G-CSF (10 micrograms/kg once daily for 4 consecutive days). Plerixafor exhibits linear kinetics between the 0.04 mg/kg to 0.24 mg/kg dose range. The pharmacokinetics of plerixafor was similar across clinical studies in healthy subjects who received plerixafor alone and NHL and MM patients who received plerixafor in combination with G-CSF.

A population pharmacokinetic analysis incorporated plerixafor data from 63 subjects (NHL patients, MM patients, subjects with varying degrees of renal impairment, and healthy subjects) who received a single SC dose (0.04 mg/kg to 0.24 mg/kg) of plerixafor. A two-compartment disposition model with first order absorption and elimination was found to adequately describe the plerixafor concentration-time profile. Significant relationships between clearance and creatinine clearance (CLCR), as well as between central volume of distribution and body weight were observed. The distribution half-life (t½α) was estimated to be 0.3 hours and the terminal population half-life (t½β) was 5.3 hours in patients with normal renal function.

The population pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the mg/kg-based dosage results in an increased plerixafor exposure (AUC0-24h) with increasing body weight. In order to compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of plerixafor following 0.24 mg/kg-based and fixed (20 mg) doses, a follow-up trial was conducted in patients with NHL (N=61) who were treated with 0.24 mg/kg or 20 mg of plerixafor. The trial was conducted in patients weighing 70 kg or less. The fixed 20 mg dose showed 1.43-fold higher exposure (AUC0-10h) than the 0.24 mg/kg dose (Table 4). The fixed 20 mg dose also showed numerically higher response rate (5.2% [60.0% vs 54.8%] based on the local lab data and 11.7% [63.3% vs 51.6%] based on the central lab data) in attaining the target of ≥5 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg than the mg/kg-based dose. However, the median time to reach ≥5 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg was 3 days for both treatment groups, and the safety profile between the groups was similar. Based on these results, further analysis was conducted by FDA reviewers and a body weight of 83 kg was selected as an appropriate cut-off point to transition patients from fixed to weight based dosing.

Table 4: Systemic Exposure (AUC0-10h) Comparisons of Fixed and Weight-Based Regimens

Regimen	Geometric Mean AUC
Fixed 20 mg (n=30)	3991.2
0.24 mg/kg (n=31)	2792.7
Ratio (90% CI)	1.43 (1.32,1.54)

 

There is limited experience with the 0.24 mg/kg dose of plerixafor in patients weighing above 160 kg. Therefore, the dose should not exceed that of a 160 kg patient (i.e., 40 mg/day if CLCR is greater than 50 mL/min and 27 mg/day if CLCR is less than or equal to 50 mL/min) [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].

Absorption

Peak plasma concentrations occurred at approximately 30 to 60 minutes after a SC dose.

Distribution

Plerixafor is bound to human plasma proteins up to 58%. The apparent volume of distribution of plerixafor in humans is 0.3 L/kg demonstrating that plerixafor is largely confined to, but not limited to, the extravascular fluid space.

Metabolism

The metabolism of plerixafor was evaluated with in vitro assays. Plerixafor is not metabolized as shown in assays using human liver microsomes or human primary hepatocytes and does not exhibit inhibitory activity in vitro towards the major drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes (1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4/5). In in vitro studies with human hepatocytes, plerixafor does not induce CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4 enzymes. These findings suggest that plerixafor has a low potential for involvement in cytochrome P450dependent drug-drug interactions.

Elimination

The major route of elimination of plerixafor is urinary. Following a 0.24 mg/kg dose in healthy volunteers with normal renal function, approximately 70% of the dose was excreted in the urine as the parent drug during the first 24 hours following administration. In studies with healthy subjects and patients, the terminal half-life in plasma ranges between 3 and 5 hours. At concentrations similar to what are seen clinically, plerixafor did not act as a substrate or inhibitor of P-glycoprotein in an in vitro study with MDCKII and MDCKII-MDR1 cell models.

Special Populations

Renal Impairment

Following a single 0.24 mg/kg SC dose, plerixafor clearance was reduced in subjects with varying degrees of renal impairment and was positively correlated with CLCR. The mean AUC024h of plerixafor in subjects with mild (CLCR 51-80 mL/min), moderate (CLCR 31-50 mL/min), and severe (CLCR <31 mL/min) renal impairment was 7%, 32%, and 39% higher than healthy subjects with normal renal function, respectively. Renal impairment had no effect on Cmax. A population pharmacokinetic analysis indicated an increased exposure (AUC0-24h) in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment compared to patients with CLCR >50 mL/min. These results support a dose reduction of one-third in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (CLCR ≤50 mL/min) in order to match the exposure in patients with normal renal function. The population pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the mg/kg-based dosage results in an increased plerixafor exposure (AUC0-24h) with increasing body weight; therefore, if CLCR is ≤50 mL/min the dose should not exceed 27 mg/day [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].

Since plerixafor is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, coadministration of plerixafor with drugs that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase serum concentrations of plerixafor or the coadministered drug. The effects of coadministration of plerixafor with other drugs that are renally eliminated or are known to affect renal function have not been evaluated.

Race

Clinical data show similar plerixafor pharmacokinetics for Caucasians and African Americans, and the effect of other racial/ethnic groups has not been studied.

Gender

Clinical data show no effect of gender on plerixafor pharmacokinetics.

Age

Clinical data show no effect of age on plerixafor pharmacokinetics.

Clinical Studies

The efficacy and safety of Mozobil in conjunction with G-CSF in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) Study AMD 3100-3101 (referred to as study 1) (NCT00103610) and multiple myeloma (MM) Study AMD 3100-3102 (referred to as study 2) (NCT00103662) were evaluated in two placebo-controlled studies (Studies 1 and 2). Patients were randomized to receive either Mozobil 0.24 mg/kg or placebo on each evening prior to apheresis. Patients received daily morning doses of G-CSF 10 micrograms/kg for 4 days prior to the first dose of Mozobil or placebo and on each morning prior to apheresis. Two hundred and ninety-eight (298) NHL patients were included in the primary efficacy analyses for Study 1. The mean age was 55 years (range 29-75) and 58 years (range 22-75) in the Mozobil and placebo groups, respectively, and 93% of subjects were Caucasian. In study 2, 302 patients with MM were included in the primary efficacy analyses. The mean age (58 years) and age range (28-75) were similar in the Mozobil and placebo groups, and 81% of subjects were Caucasian.

In Study 1, 59% of NHL patients who were mobilized with Mozobil and G-CSF collected ≥5 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg from the peripheral blood in four or fewer apheresis sessions, compared with 20% of patients who were mobilized with placebo and G-CSF (p <0.001). Other CD34+ cell mobilization outcomes showed similar findings (Table 5).

Table 5: Study 1 Efficacy Results -CD34+ Cell Mobilization in NHL Patients

Efficacy Endpoint	Mozobil and G-CSF (n=150)	Placebo and G-CSF (n=148)	p-valuea
Patients achieving ≥5 x 106 cells/kg in ≤4 apheresis days	89 (59%)	29 (20%)	<0.001
Patients achieving ≥2 x 106 cells/kg in ≤4 apheresis days	130 (87%)	70 (47%)	<0.001
a p-value calculated using Pearson’s Chi-Squared test

 

The median number of days to reach ≥5 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg was 3 days for the Mozobil group and not evaluable for the placebo group. Table 6 presents the proportion of patients who achieved ≥5 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg by apheresis day.

Table 6: Study 1 Efficacy Results – Proportion of Patients Who Achieved ≥5 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg by Apheresis Day in NHL Patients

Days	Proportiona in Mozobil and G-CSF (n=147b)	Proportiona in Placebo and G-CSF (n=142b)
1	27.9%	4.2%
2	49.1%	14.2%
3	57.7%	21.6%
4	65.6%	24.2%
a Percents determined by Kaplan Meier method b n includes all patients who received at least one day of apheresis

 

In Study 2, 72% of MM patients who were mobilized with Mozobil and G-CSF collected ≥6 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg from the peripheral blood in two or fewer apheresis sessions, compared with 34% of patients who were mobilized with placebo and G-CSF (p <0.001). Other CD34+ cell mobilization outcomes showed similar findings (Table 7).

Table 7: Study 2 Efficacy Results – CD34+ Cell Mobilization in Multiple Myeloma Patients

Efficacy Endpoint	Mozobil and G-CSF (n=148)	Placebo and G-CSF (n=154)	p-valuea
Patients achieving ≥6 x 106 cells/kg in ≤2 apheresis days	106 (72%)	53 (34%)	<0.001
Patients achieving ≥6 x 106 cells/kg in ≤4 apheresis days	112 (76%)	79 (51%)	<0.001
Patients achieving ≥2 x 106 cells/kg in ≤4 apheresis days	141 (95%)	136 (88%)	0.028
a p-value calculated using Pearson’s Chi-Squared test

 

The median number of days to reach ≥6 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg was 1 day for the Mozobil group and 4 days for the placebo group. Table 8 presents the proportion of patients who achieved ≥6 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg by apheresis day.

Table 8: Study 2 – Proportion of Patients Who Achieved ≥6 x 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg by Apheresis Day in MM Patients

Days	Proportiona in Mozobil and G-CSF (n=144b)	Proportiona in Placebo and G-CSF (n=150b)
1	54.2%	17.3%
2	77.9%	35.3%
3	86.8%	48.9%
4	86.8%	55.9%
a Percents determined by Kaplan Meier method b n includes all patients who received at least one day of apheresis

 

Multiple factors can influence time to engraftment and graft durability following stem cell transplantation. For transplanted patients in the Phase 3 studies, time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment and graft durability were similar across the treatment groups.