Tegsedi

Description

Inotersen is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibitor of human transthyretin (TTR) protein synthesis.

TEGSEDI contains inotersen sodium as the active ingredient. Inotersen sodium is a white to pale yellow solid and it is freely soluble in water and in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5 to 8.5). The chemical name of inotersen sodium is DNA, d(P-thio)([2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)]m5rU-[2′-O-(2- methoxyethyl)]m5rC-[2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)]m5rU-[2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)]m5rU-[2′-O-(2- methoxyethyl)]rG-G-T-T-A-m5C-A-T-G-A-A-[2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)]rA-[2′-O-(2- methoxyethyl)]m5rU-[2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)]m5rC-[2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)]m5rC-[2′-O-(2- methoxyethyl)]m5rC). The molecular formula of inotersen sodium is C₂₃₀H₂₉₉N₆₉ Na₁₉O₁₂₁P₁₉S₁₉ and the molecular weight is 7600.73 Da. It has the following structural formula:

The molecular formula of inotersen free base is C₂₃₀H₃₁₈N₆₉O₁₂₁P₁₉S₁₉ and its molecular weight is 7183.08.

TEGSEDI is a sterile, preservative-free, aqueous solution for subcutaneous injection. It is supplied in a prefilled syringe (PFS). Each PFS contains 1.5 mL of solution containing 284 mg inotersen (equivalent to 300 mg inotersen sodium salt) TEGSEDI is formulated in Water for Injection and may include hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment to 7.5- 8.5

Indications

TEGSEDI is indicated for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis in adults.

Dosage And Administration

Dosing Information

The recommended dose of TEGSEDI is 284 mg injected subcutaneously once weekly.

For consistency of dosing, patients should be instructed to give the injection on the same day every week.

If a dose is missed, patients should be instructed to take the missed dose as soon as possible, unless the next scheduled dose is within 2 days. In this situation, the patient should be directed to skip the missed dose and take the next scheduled dose on the scheduled day.

Administration

• TEGSEDI is intended for subcutaneous use only.
• The first injection administered by the patient or caregiver should be performed under the guidance of an appropriately qualified healthcare professional. Patients and/or caregivers should be trained in the subcutaneous administration of TEGSEDI in accordance with the Instructions for Use.
• Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit [see HOW SUPPLIED/Storage And Handling].
• Sites for injection include the abdomen, upper thigh region, or outer area of the upper arm. It is important to rotate sites for injection.
  • If injected in the upper arm, the injection should be administered by a person other than the patient.
  • Injection should be avoided at the waistline and other sites where pressure or rubbing from clothing may occur.
  • TEGSEDI should not be injected into areas of skin disease or injury.
  • Tattoos and scars should also be avoided.
• TEGSEDI prefilled syringe should be allowed to reach room temperature prior to injection.
  • Remove from refrigerated storage at least 30 minutes prior to use.
  • Other warming methods should not be used.
• Use each prefilled syringe only once.

Assessment Prior To Initiating TEGSEDI

Measure platelet count, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin, and perform urinalysis prior to treatment with TEGSEDI and as directed following treatment initiation [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Laboratory Testing And Monitoring To Assess Safety After Initiating TEGSEDI

Monitor platelet count, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinalysis, urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin during treatment with TEGSEDI, and for 8 weeks following discontinuation of treatment.

Platelet Count

Do not initiate TEGSEDI in patients with a platelet count less than 100 x 10⁹/L. Recommendations for platelet monitoring frequency and TEGSEDI dosing are specified in Table 1. If a patient develops signs or symptoms of thrombocytopenia, obtain a platelet count as soon as possible, and hold dosing until platelet count is confirmed. Recheck the platelet count as soon as possible if a platelet measurement is uninterpretable (e.g., clumped sample) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Table 1: TEGSEDI Monitoring and Treatment Recommendations for Platelet Count

Renal Monitoring

TEGSEDI should generally not be initiated in patients with a urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR) of 1000 mg/g or higher. Monitor serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinalysis, and UPCR every 2 weeks during treatment with TEGSEDI. Hold TEGSEDI in patients who develop a UPCR of 1000mg/g or higher, or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 45 mL/minute/1.73 m², pending further evaluation of the cause.

If a dose is held, once eGFR increases to ≥45 mL/minute/1.73 m², UPCR decreases to below 1000 mg/g, or the underlying cause of the decline in renal function is corrected, weekly dosing may be reinitiated. In the case of UPCR of 2000 mg/g or higher, perform further evaluation for acute glomerulonephritis, as clinically indicated. If acute glomerulonephritis is confirmed, TEGSEDI should be permanently discontinued.

Liver Tests

Monitor alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin every four months during treatment with TEGSEDI; monitor monthly for patients who have received a liver transplant [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

How Supplied

Dosage Forms And Strengths

Injection: 284 mg/1.5 mL clear, colorless to pale yellow solution in a single-dose prefilled syringe.

Storage And Handling

TEGSEDI is a clear, colorless to pale yellow solution supplied in a single-dose, prefilled syringe with a SSD. Each prefilled syringe of TEGSEDI is filled to deliver 1.5mL of solution containing 284 mg of intersex (equivalent to 300 mg intersex sodium salt).

TEGSEDI is available in cartons containing 1 or 4 prefilled syringes supplied in individual trays.

Pack of 1 prefilled syringe: NDC 72126-007-03
Pack of 4 prefilled syringes: NDC 72126-007-01
The individual tray of 1 syringe is NDC 72126-007-02.

Pharmacy

Store refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) in the original container and protect from direct light. Do not freeze.

For Patients/Caregivers

Store refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) in the original container. Do not freeze. TEGSEDI can be kept at room temperature (up to 30°C [86°F]) in the original container for up to 6 weeks; if not used within the 6 weeks, discard TEGSEDI.

Remove from refrigerated storage (2°C to 8°C [36°F to 46°F]) at least 30 minutes before use. [TEGSEDI] prefilled syringe should be allowed to reach room temperature prior to injection.

Avoid exposure to temperatures above 30°C (86°F).

Distributed by:Sobi, Inc.Waltham, MA 02451. Revised: Jun 2022

Side Effects

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:

• Thrombocytopenia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Glomerulonephritis and Renal Toxicity [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Stroke and Cervicocephalic Arterial Dissection [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Inflammatory and Immune Effects [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Liver Injury [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Hypersensitivity [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• Reducted Serum Vitamin A Levels and Recommended Supplementation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of TEGSEDI cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical trials of other drugs and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

A total of 112 adult patients with polyneuropathy caused by hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR) received TEGSEDI in Study 1 and 60 patients received placebo. The, mean age of the study patients was 59 years (27 to 78 years of age). Of the TEGSEDI-treated patients, 69% were male and 94% were Caucasian, with a mean exposure of 385 days, and median exposure of 449 days. Baseline disease characteristics were largely similar in TEGSEDI-treated patients and patients in the placebo control group. Sixty-seven percent of patients were in Stage 1 of the disease at baseline, and 33% in Stage 2. Fifty-two percent of patients had Val30Metmutations in the TTR gene, with the remaining 48% comprised of 26 different other point mutations.

Table 2 presents common adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5% of TEGSEDI-treated patients and that occurred at least 5% more frequently or two times more frequently than on placebo.

The most common adverse reactions that occurred in at least 20% of TEGSEDI-treated patients and more frequently than on placebo were injection site reactions, nausea, headache, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, and fever. Serious adverse reactions were more frequent in TEGSEDI-treated patients (32%) than in patients on placebo(21%). The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation were thrombocytopenia and cachexia.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Reported in At Least 5% TEGSEDI-Treated Patients and that Occurred At Least5% More Frequently or At Least Two Times More Frequently than Placebo Patients (Study 1)

Immunogenicity

The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. In addition, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to TEGSEDI in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.

In Study 1, 30% of TEGSEDI-treated patients tested positive for anti-drug antibodies (ADA) following 65 weeks of treatment [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. However, the assay measured only IgG isotypes and the existence of other isotypes may be possible. In many cases adverse reactions occurred in patients with ADA, although the available data are too limited to make definitive conclusions about the relationship.

Drug Interactions

Antiplatelet Drugs Or Anticoagulant Medications

Because of the risk of thrombocytopenia, caution should be used when using antiplatelet drugs (e.g., adenosine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, or ticlopidine), including non-prescription products that affect platelets (e.g., aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), or anticoagulants (e.g., heparin, warfarin), concomitantly with TEGSEDI [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Nephrotoxic Drugs

Because of the risk of glomerulonephritis and renal toxicity, caution should be used when using nephrotoxic drugs and other drugs that may impair renal function concomitantly with TEGSEDI [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

WarningS

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

Precautions

Thrombocytopenia

TEGSEDI causes reductions in platelet count that may result in sudden and unpredictable thrombocytopenia that can be life-threatening. In Study 1 [see Clinical studies] , platelet counts below 100 x 10⁹/L occurred in 25% of TEGSEDI-treated patients, compared with 2% of patients on placebo. Platelet counts below 75 x 10⁹/L occurred in 14% of TEGSEDI-treated patients, compared to no patient on placebo. In Study 1 and its extension study, 39% of TEGSEDI-treated patients with a baseline platelet count below 200 x10⁹/L had a nadir platelet count below 75 x 10⁹/L, compared to 6% of patients with baseline platelet counts 200 x10⁹/L or higher.

Three TEGSEDI-treated patients (3%) had sudden severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count below 25 x 10⁹/L), which can have potentially fatal bleeding complications, including spontaneous intracranial or intrapulmonary hemorrhage. One patient in a clinical trial experienced a fatal intracranial hemorrhage.

In clinical trials, all 3 patients with severe thrombocytopenia had treatment-emergent antiplatelet IgG antibodies detected shortly before or at the time of the severe thrombocytopenia. In 2 patients, platelet clumping caused uninterpretable platelet measurements that delayed the diagnosis and treatment of severe thrombocytopenia. Platelet clumping can be caused by a reaction between antiplatelet antibodies and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Monitoring And Dosing

Patients who are not able to adhere to the recommended laboratory monitoring or to the related treatment recommendations must not receive TEGSEDI. Do not initiate TEGSEDI in patients with a platelet count below 100 x 10⁹/L. Follow recommended monitoring and treatment recommendations for platelet count [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. If a patient develops signs or symptoms of thrombocytopenia, obtain a platelet count as soon as possible, and hold TEGSEDI dosing unless the platelet count is confirmed to be acceptable. Recheck the platelet count as soon as possible if a platelet measurement is uninterpretable (e.g., clumped sample) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Hold TEGSEDI dosing until an acceptable platelet count is confirmed with an interpretable blood sample.

Concomitant Medications With Platelet Effects

When considering use of TEGSEDI concomitantly with antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulants, be aware of the risk of potential bleeding from thrombocytopenia with TEGSEDI, and consider discontinuation of these drugs in patients with a platelet count less than 50 x 10⁹/L [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].

Symptoms Of Thrombocytopenia

Symptoms of thrombocytopenia can include unusual or prolonged bleeding (e.g., petechiae, easy bruising, hematoma, subconjunctival bleeding, gingival bleeding, epistaxis, hemoptysis, irregular or heavier than normal menstrual bleeding, hematemesis, hematuria, hematochezia, melena), neck stiffness or atypical severe headache. Patients and caregivers should be instructed to be vigilant for symptoms of thrombocytopenia and seek immediate medical help if they have concerns.

Severe Thrombocytopenia: Treatment With Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoid therapy is strongly recommended in patients with a platelet count below 50 x 10⁹/L, and in patients with suspected immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. Avoid using TEGSEDI in patients for whom glucocorticoid treatment is not advised.

Glomerulonephritis And Renal Toxicity

TEGSEDI can cause glomerulonephritis that may result in dialysis-dependent renal failure. In Study 1 [see Clinical studies], glomerulonephritis occurred in three(3%) TEGSEDI-treated patients vs. no patient on placebo. In these patients, stopping TEGSEDI alone was not sufficient to resolve manifestations of glomerulonephritis, and treatment with an immunosuppressive medication was necessary. One patient did not receive immunosuppressive treatment and remained dialysis-dependent. If glomerulonephritis is suspected, pursue prompt diagnosis and initiate immunosuppressive treatment as soon as possible.

Cases of glomerulonephritis were accompanied by nephrotic syndrome. Possible complications of nephrotic syndrome can include edema, hypercoagulability with venous or arterial thrombosis, and increased susceptibility to infection. TEGSEDI-treated patients who develop glomerulonephritis will require monitoring and treatment for nephrotic syndrome and its manifestations.

Accumulation of antisense oligonucleotides in proximal tubule cells of the kidney, sometimes leading to increased tubular proteinuria, has been described in nonclinical studies. Urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR) greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal occurred in 15% of TEGSEDI-treated patients, compared to 8% of patients on placebo. Increase from baseline in serum creatinine greater than 0.5 mg/dL occurred in 11% of TEGSEDI-treated patients, compared to 2% of patients on placebo.

Follow recommended monitoring and treatment recommendations for renal parameters [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION] . TEGSEDI should generally not be initiated in patients with a UPCR of 1000 mg/g or greater. If acute glomerulonephritis is confirmed, TEGSEDI should be permanently discontinued [see CONTRAINDICATIONS].

Use caution with nephrotoxic drugs and other drugs that may impair renal function. Because immunosuppressive treatment is necessary for the treatment of glomerulonephritis, avoid using TEGSEDI in patients for whom immunosuppressive treatment is not advised.

TEGSEDI REMS Program

TEGSEDI is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the TEGSEDI REMS Program, because of risks of serious bleeding caused by severe thrombocytopenia and because of glomerulonephritis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Important requirements of the TEGSEDI Prescribing Program include:

• Prescribers must be certified within the program by enrolling and completing training.
• Patients must enroll in the program and comply with ongoing monitoring requirements [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Pharmacies must be certified with the program and must only dispense to patients who are authorized to receive TEGSEDI.

Further information, including a list of qualified pharmacies/distributors, is available at www.TEGSEDIREMS.com or 1-844-483-4736.

Stroke And Cervicocephalic Arterial Dissection

TEGSEDI may cause stroke and cervicocephalic arterial dissection. In clinical studies, 1 of 161 (0.6%) TEGSEDI-treated patients experienced carotid artery dissection and stroke. These events occurred within 2 days of the first TEGSEDI dose, a time when the patient also had symptoms of cytokine release (e.g., nausea, vomiting, muscular pain and weakness) and a high sensitivity C-reactive protein level greater than 100 mg/L.

Educate patients on the symptoms of stroke and central nervous system arterial dissection. Instruct patients to seek help as soon as possible if symptoms of stroke or arterial dissection occur.

Inflammatory And Immune Effects

Inflammatory and immune changes are an effect of some antisense oligonucleotide drugs, including TEGSEDI. In clinical studies, serious inflammatory and immune adverse reactions occurred in TEGSEDI-treated patients, including immune thrombocytopenia and glomerulonephritis, as well as a single case of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-positive systemic vasculitis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Neurologic Serious Adverse Reactions

In clinical studies, neurologic serious adverse reactions consistent with inflammatory and immune effects occurred in TEGSEDI-treated patients, in addition to strokeand carotid artery dissection [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Two months after the first TEGSEDI dose, one patient developed a change in gait that progressedover 6 months to paraparesis, in the absence of radiologic evidence of spinal cord compression. Another patient developed progressive lumbar pain, weight loss, headache, vomiting, and impaired speech 7 months after starting TEGSEDI. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis findings included elevated protein, a lymphocyte-predominant pleocytosis, and testing that was negative for infection. The patient recovered after empiric therapy (high-dose steroids, antibiotics) and resumed TEGSEDI without recurrence of symptoms.

Liver Injury

The liver is a site of accumulation of antisense oligonucleotides. In clinical studies, 8% of TEGSEDI-treated patients had an increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT)at least 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), compared to 3% of patients on placebo; 3% of TEGSEDI-treated patients had an ALT at least 8 times the ULN, compared to no patient on placebo. One clinical study patient experienced an increased ALT more than 30 times the ULN. After a course of corticosteroids and discontinuation of TEGSEDI, the patient’s ALT returned to normal levels. Some patients had resolution of the liver laboratory abnormalities with continued use of  TEGSEDI.

In clinical studies, demonstrated or possible cases of immune-mediated biliary disease occurred in TEGSEDI-treated patients. There was a single case of autoimmune hepatitis with primary biliary cirrhosis in a patient with a family history of primary biliary cirrhosis, as well as a single case of biliary obstruction of unclear etiology.

Monitor alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin at baseline and every four months during treatment with TEGSEDI. If a patient develops clinical signs or symptoms suggestive of hepatic dysfunction (e.g., unexplained nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, or jaundice and/or dark urine), promptly measure serum transaminases and total bilirubin and interrupt or discontinue treatment with TEGSEDI, as appropriate.

Liver Transplant Rejection

In a clinical study, cases of liver transplant rejection were reported 2-4 months after starting TEGSEDI in patients whose liver allografts had previously been clinically stable (for over 10 years) prior to starting TEGSEDI. In these cases, the patients clinically improved and transaminase levels normalized after glucocorticoid administration and cessation of TEGSEDI.

In patients with a history of liver transplant, monitor ALT, AST, and total bilirubin monthly. Discontinue TEGSEDI in patients who develop signs of liver transplant rejection.

Hypersensitivity Reactions/Antibody Formation

TEGSEDI can cause hypersensitivity reactions. In clinical studies, 6 of 161 (4%) TEGSEDI-treated patients stopped treatment because of a hypersensitivity reaction. Antibodies to TEGSEDI were present when the reactions occurred. These reactions generally occurred within 2 hours of administration of TEGSEDI and included headache, chest pain, hypertension, chills, flushing, dysphagia, palmar erythema, eosinophilia, involuntary chorea form movements, arthralgia, myalgia, and flu-like symptoms.

If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue administration of TEGSEDI, and initiate appropriate therapy. Do not use in patients who have a history of hypersensitivity reaction to TEGSEDI.

Uninterpretable Platelet Counts: Reaction Between Antiplatelet Antibodies And ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA)

In Study 1 [see Clinical Studies], 23% of TEGSEDI-treated patients had at least 1 uninterpretable platelet count caused by platelet clumping, compared to 13% of patients on placebo. In 2 cases of severe thrombocytopenia with platelet count below 25 x 10⁹/L, one of which resulted in death, clumped platelet samples caused a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Both subjects had tested positive for treatment-emergent anti-platelet IgG antibodies detected shortly before, or at the time of the severe reduction in platelet count.

Although platelet clumping can have a variety of causes (e.g., incompletely mixed or inadequately anticoagulated samples), platelet clumping can be caused by are action between antiplatelet antibodies and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA). In Study 1, 7 of the 9 (78%) TEGSEDI-treated patients with treatment-emergent positive antiplatelet antibody testing had at least 1 clumped platelet sample.

If there is suspicion of EDTA-mediated platelet clumping, perform a repeat platelet count using a different anticoagulant (e.g., sodium citrate, heparin) in the blood collection tube. Recheck the platelet count as soon as possible if a platelet measurement is uninterpretable. Hold TEGSEDI dosing until an acceptable platelet count is confirmed with an interpretable blood sample.

Reduced Serum Vitamin A Levels And Recommended Supplementation

TEGSEDI treatment leads to a decrease in serum vitamin A levels. Supplementation at the recommended daily allowance of vitamin A is advised for patients taking TEGSEDI. Higher doses than the recommended daily allowance of vitamin A should not be given to try to achieve normal serum vitamin A levels during treatment with TEGSEDI, as serum vitamin A levels do not reflect the total vitamin A in the body.

Patients should be referred to an ophthalmologist if they develop ocular symptoms suggestive of vitamin A deficiency (e.g., night blindness).

Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient and caregiver to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide and Instructions for Use).

Thrombocytopenia

Inform patients that TEGSEDI can cause reductions in platelet count that may result in thrombocytopenia. Instruct patients to notify a healthcare provider immediately if they show symptoms of thrombocytopenia (e.g., unusual or prolonged bleeding, neck stiffness, or atypical severe headache). Advise patients of the importance of monitoring during treatment with TEGSEDI [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Also instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider of all medications, including over-the-counter, that they are taking [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].

Glomerulonephritis And Renal Toxicity

Inform patients that glomerulonephritis has occurred in patients treated with TEGSEDI. Advise patients of the importance of monitoring of urine protein to creatinineratio (UPCR during treatment with TEGSEDI) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

TEGSEDI REMS Program

TEGSEDI is available only through a restricted program called the TEGSEDI REMS Program [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. Inform the patient of the following notable requirements:

• Patients must enroll in the program and comply with ongoing monitoring requirements.
• TEGSEDI is available only from certified pharmacies participating in the program. Therefore, provide patients with the telephone number and website for information on how to obtain the product.

Stroke And Cervicocephalic Arterial Dissection

Educate patient on symptoms of stroke and central nervous system arterial dissection and instruct them to seek help as soon as possible if symptoms of these or other serious neurologic adverse reactions occur [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Liver Injury

Instruct patients to inform a healthcare professional of symptoms suggestive of hepatic dysfunction that occur after administration of TEGSEDI [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Hypersensitivity

Instruct patients to inform a healthcare professional of symptoms suggestive of hypersensitivity that occur after administration of TEGSEDI [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Recommended Vitamin A Supplementation

Inform patients that TEGSEDI treatment leads to a decrease in vitamin A levels measured in the serum. Instruct patients to take the recommended daily allowance of vitamin A. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they experience ocular symptoms suggestive of vitamin A deficiency (e.g., night blindness) and refer them to an ophthalmologist if they develop these symptoms [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Administration Instructions

Train patients and caregivers on proper subcutaneous administration technique and how to use the single-dose prefilled syringe. Instruct patients and/or caregivers to read and follow the Instructions for Use each time they use TEGSEDI.

Pregnancy

Instruct patients that if they are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while taking TEGSEDI they should inform their healthcare provider. Advise female patients of childbearing potential of the potential risk to the fetus. Encourage patients to enroll in the TEGSEDI Pregnancy Registry if they become pregnant while taking TEGSEDI [see Use In Specific Populations].

For more information about TEGSEDI, go to www.TEGSEDIREMS.com or call 1-844-483-4736

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Carcinogenesis

In a 26-week carcinogenicity study in transgenic (TgRasH2) mice, weekly subcutaneous administration of intersex (0, 10, 30, or 80 mg/kg) or a rodent-specific(pharmacologically active) surrogate (30 mg/kg) did not result in an increase in tumors.

In a 94-week carcinogenicity study in rats, weekly subcutaneous administration of intersex (0, 0.5, 2, or 6 mg/kg) resulted in an increase in tumors at or near the injection site in males at all but the lowest dose (0.5 mg/kg) tested. Subcutaneous malignant pleomorphic fibro sarcoma was increased at the mid and high doses and combined subcutaneous malignant pleomorphic fibro sarcoma and monomorphic fibro sarcoma were increased at the high dose. These tumors are considered a response to chronic tissue irritation and inflammation caused by repeated subcutaneous injection.

Mutagenesis

Inotersen was negative for genotoxicity in in vitro (bacterial mutagen city, chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster lung) and in vivo (mouse bone marrow micronucleus) assays.

Impairment Of Fertility

Subcutaneous administration of intersex (0, 3, 15, or 25 mg/kg) or a rodent-specific surrogate (15 mg/kg) to male and female mice every other day prior to and during mating and continuing in females throughout the period of organogenesis produced no adverse effects on fertility.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Exposure Registry

There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to TEGSEDI during pregnancy. Health care providers are encouraged to register patients and pregnant women are encouraged to register themselves by calling: 1-877-465-7510, emailing: tegsedipregnancy@ubc.com, or visiting online at:www.tegsedipregnancystudy.com.

Risk Summary

There are no data on the developmental risk associated with the use of TEGSEDI in pregnant women. TEGSEDI treatment leads to a decrease in serum vitamin Alevels, and vitamin A supplementation is advised for patients taking TEGSEDI. Vitamin A is essential for normal embryo fetal development; however, excessive levels of Vitamin A are associated with adverse developmental effects. The effects on the fetus of a reduction in maternal serum TTR caused by TEGSEDI and of vitamin A supplementation are unknown [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

In animal studies, subcutaneous administration of intersex to pregnant rabbits resulted in premature delivery and reduced fetal body weight at the highest dose tested, which was associated with maternal toxicity. No adverse developmental effects were observed when intersex or a pharmacologically-active surrogate was administered to pregnant mice.

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%,respectively. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown.

Data

Animal Data

Subcutaneous administration of intersex (0, 3, 15, or 25 mg/kg) or a rodent-specific surrogate (15 mg/kg) to male and female mice every other day prior to and during mating and continuing in females throughout the period of organogenesis produced no adverse effects on embryo fetal development.

Subcutaneous administration of intersex (0, 2.5, 5, or 15 mg/kg) to pregnant rabbits every other day throughout the period of organogenesis resulted in premature delivery and reduced fetal body weight at the highest dose tested, which was associated with maternal toxicity (reduced body weight and food consumption).

Subcutaneous administration of intersex (0, 2.9, 11.4, or 22.9 mg/kg) or a rodent-specific surrogate (11.4 mg/kg) to mice every other day throughout pregnancy and lactation produced no adverse effects on pre- or postnatal development.

Lactation

Risk Summary

There is no information regarding the presence of TEGSEDI in human milk, the effects on the breast-fed infant, or the effects on milk production. A study in lactating mice has shown excretion of intersex in milk. The development and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for TEGSEDI and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from TEGSEDI or from the underlying maternal condition.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of TEGSEDI included 69 patients (45%) aged 65 and over. No differences in pharmacokinetics or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients. Patients 65 years and older may be at increased risk of certain adverse reactions, such as congestive heart failure, chills, myalgia, and extremity pain.

Renal Impairment

No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥30 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m) [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. TEGSEDI has not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease.

Hepatic Impairment

No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild hepatic impairment [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. TEGSEDI has not been studied in patients with other degrees of hepatic impairment.

Overdose

No Information provided

Contraindications

TEGSEDI is contraindicated in patients with:

• Platelet count below 100 x 10⁹/L [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• History of acute glomerulonephritis caused by TEGSEDI [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]
• History of a hypersensitivity reaction to TEGSEDI [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Clinical Pharmacology

Mechanism Of Action

Inotersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that causes degradation of mutant and wild-type TTR mRNA through binding to the TTR mRNA, which results in a reduction of serum TTR protein and TTR protein deposits in tissues.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamic effects of TEGSEDI were evaluated in hATTR amyloidosis patients treated with 284 mg TEGSEDI via subcutaneous injection once weekly.

With repeat dosing, the mean percent decreases from baseline in serum TTR from Week 13 to Week 65 of treatment ranged from 68% to 74% (median range: 75% to79%). Similar TTR reductions were observed regardless of TTR mutation, sex, age, or race.

Serum TTR is a carrier of retinol binding protein, which is involved in the transport of vitamin A in the blood. Mean reductions in serum retinol binding of 71%, and serum vitamin A of 63%, were observed at Week 65 [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Formal QTc studies have not been conducted with TEGSEDI. The potential for QTc prolongation with intersex was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trialin healthy volunteers. No large changes in the mean QTc interval (>20 ms) were detected in the trial.

In the 66-week controlled efficacy trial, 5.4% of TEGSEDI-treated patients had evidence of QRS prolongation on their electrocardiograms (ECGs) to greater than 160msec and greater than 25% above baseline, compared to and in 1.7% of patients on placebo.

Pharmacokinetics

Following subcutaneous administration, systemic exposure to intersex increased in a dose-proportional manner over the range of 150-400 mg of intersex sodium salt. At the recommended TEGSEDI dosing regimen of 284 mg every week, steady state is reached after approximately 3 months. The estimated geometric mean (90%confidence interval) steady state peak concentrations (Cmax), trough concentrations (Ctrough), and area under the curve (AUCτ) were 6.39 (5.65, 7.20) μg/mL, 0.034(0.031, 0.038) μg/mL, and 90 (82.4, 97.4) μg·h/mL, respectively. Plasma Cmax and AUC do not exhibit accumulation at steady state.

Absorption

Following subcutaneous administration, TEGSEDI is absorbed rapidly into systemic circulation in a dose-dependent fashion, with the median time to maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 2 to 4 hours.

Distribution

TEGSEDI is highly bound to human plasma proteins (>94%) and the fraction bound is independent of drug concentration. Based on animal studies (mouse, rat and monkey), TEGSEDI rapidly distributes broadly to tissues, with the highest concentrations observed in the kidney and liver. TEGSEDI does not cross the blood-brain barrier. The apparent volume of distribution of TEGSEDI at steady-state (mean and 90% confidence interval) is 293 (268, 320) L in patients with hATTR.

Elimination

The terminal elimination half-life (mean and 90% confidence interval) for TEGSEDI is 32.3 (29.4, 35.5) days. Inotersen is mainly cleared through metabolism, and the total body clearance (mean and 90% confidence interval) is 3.18 (3.08, 3.29) L/h.

Metabolism

Inotersen is metabolized by nucleases to nucleotides of various lengths.

Excretion

Less than 1% of the administered dose of intersex is excreted unchanged into urine within 24 hours.

Specific Populations

Age, race, and sex had no impact on the steady state pharmacokinetics of intersex or TTR reduction. Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses indicated no impact of mild or moderate renal impairment (eGFR ≥30 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m²) or mild hepatic impairment (bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 x ULNand/or AST less than 1.9 x ULN) on intersex exposure or TTR reduction. TEGSEDI has not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment, end-stage renal disease, moderate or severe hepatic impairment, or in patients with prior liver transplant.

Drug Interaction Studies

No formal clinical drug interaction studies have been performed. TEGSEDI is not a substrate or inhibitor/inducer of major CYP enzymes or a substrate or inhibitor of major transporters. In a population pharmacokinetic analysis, concomitant use of diuretics, antithrombotic, and analgesics did not impact the pharmacokinetic parameters of intersex. TEGSEDI is not expected to cause drug-drug interactions or to be affected by inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Clinical Studies

The efficacy of TEGSEDI was demonstrated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial in adult patients with polyneuropathy caused by hATTR amyloidosis (Study 1; NCT 01737398). Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either TEGSEDI (284 mg intersex) (N=113) or placebo (N=60),respectively, as a subcutaneous injection administered once per week for 65 weeks (3 doses were administered during the first week of treatment). Seventy seven percent of TEGSEDI-treated patients and 87% of patients on placebo completed 66 weeks of the assigned treatment.

The co-primary efficacy endpoints were the change from baseline to Week 66 in the modified Neuropathy Impairment Scale+7 (mNIS+7) composite score and the Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (QoL-DN) total score

The mNIS+7 is an objective assessment of neuropathy, and comprises the NIS and Modified +7 composite scores. In the version of the mNIS+7 used in the trial, the NIS objectively measures deficits in cranial nerve function, muscle strength, reflexes, and sensations, and the Modified +7 assesses heart rate response to deep breathing, postural blood pressure, quantitative sensory testing (touch-pressure and heat-pain), and peripheral nerve electrophysiology. The maximum possible score was 346.32 points, with higher scores representing a greater severity of disease.

The clinical meaningfulness of effects on the mNIS+7 was assessed by the change from baseline to Week 66 in Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (QoL-DN)total score. The Norfolk QoL-DN scale is a patient-reported assessment that evaluates the subjective experience of neuropathy in the following domains: physical functioning/large fiber neuropathy, activities of daily living, symptoms, small fiber neuropathy, and autonomic neuropathy. The version of the Norfolk QoL-DN that was used in the trial had a maximum possible total score of 136 points, with higher scores representing greater impairment.

The changes from baseline to Week 66 on both the mNIS+7 and the Norfolk QoL-DN significantly favored TEGSEDI (Table 3, Figures 1 and 3). The distributions of changes in mNIS+7 and Norfolk QoL-DN scores from baseline to Week 66 by percent of patients are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, respectively.

Table 3: Clinical Efficacy Results from Study 1

Figure 1: Change from Baseline in mNIS+7

Figure 2: Histogram of mNIS+7 Change from Baseline at Week 66

Figure 3: Change from Baseline in Norfolk QoL-DN Score

Figure 4: Histogram of Norfolk QoL-DN Change from Baseline at Week 66

Patients receiving TEGSEDI experienced similar improvements relative to placebo in mNIS+7 and Norfolk QoL-DN score across all subgroups including age, sex, race, region, NIS score, Val30Met mutation status, and disease stage.